High performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting, phytochemical and physico-chemical studies of anti-diabetic herbal extracts.
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DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.175546
Pharmaceutical Standardization
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High performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting,
phytochemical and physico‑chemical studies of anti‑diabetic
herbal extracts
Prakash R. Itankar, Dattatray B. Sawant, Mohd. Tauqeer, Sonal S. Charde
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Introduction: Herbal medicines have gained increasing popularity in the last few decades,
and this global resurgence of herbal medicines increases their commercial value. However, this
increasing demand has resulted in a decline in their quality, primarily due to a lack of adequate
regulations pertaining to herbal medicines. Aim: To develop an optimized methodology
for the standardization of herbal raw materials. Materials and Methods: The present
study has been designed to examine each of the five herbal anti‑diabetic drugs, Gymnema
sylvester R. Br., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxburgh., Enicostema littorale Blume., Syzygium cumini (L.)
Skeels. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn. The in‑house extracts and marketed extracts were
evaluated using physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification
of polyphenols (Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method) and high performance thin layer
chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiling with reference to marker compounds in plant
extracts. Results: All the plants mainly contain polyphenolic compounds and are quantified in
the range of 3.6–21.72% w/w. E. officinalis contain the highest and E. littorale contain the lowest
content of polyphenol among plant extracts analyzed. HPTLC fingerprinting showed that the
in‑house extracts were of better quality than marketed extracts. Conclusion: The results
obtained from the study could be utilized for setting limits for the reference phytoconstituents
(biomarker) for the quality control and quality assurance of these anti‑diabetic drugs.
Key words: Anti‑diabetic, high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint,
physicochemical parameters, standardization
Introduction
Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of
years, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been
isolated from natural sources. Many of these isolations were based
on the uses of the agents in traditional medicine.[1] According
to World Health Organization (WHO), about three‑quarter of
the world population relies upon traditional remedies for the
health care of its people. In fact, plants are the oldest friends
of mankind. They not only provided food and shelter, but also
served the humanity to cure different ailments.[2] The plants
and their extracts are a common elements in Indian systems
Address for correspondence: Dr. Prakash R. Itankar,
Asst. Prof., University Dept. of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University,
Amravati Road, Nagpur ‑ 440 033, Maharashtra, India.
E‑mail:
188
of medicine. Major pharmaceutical companies are currently
conducting extensive research on plant materials gathered from
the rain forests and other places for their potential medicinal
value. The plant‑based, traditional medicine systems continue
to play an essential role in health care.[3] The global market for
herbal medicines currently stands at over $60 billion annually.[4]
In the world, diabetes is a serious disease due to irrational
food habits. Most of the hypoglycemic agents used in
allopathic practice to treat diabetes mellitus are reported to
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How to cite this article: Itankar PR, Sawant DB, Tauqeer M, Charde SS.
High performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting, phytochemical and
physico-chemical studies of anti-diabetic herbal extracts. Ayu 2015;36:188-95.
© 2015 AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) |
Official publication of Institute For Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda,Jamnagar | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Itankar, et al.: HPTLC profiling of anti‑diabetic herbal extracts
have side effects in long term use.[5] Hence, there is a need
to search for effective and safe drugs for these ailments.
Pharmaceutical research across the world shows that natural
products are potential sources of novel molecules for drug
development.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts
The recent global resurgence in herbal medicines has led
to an increase in the demand for them. Commercialization
of these medicines to meet this increasing demand has
resulted in a decline in their quality, primarily due to a
lack of adequate regulations pertaining to this sector of
medicine. The need of the hour is to evolve a systematic
approach and to develop well‑designed methodologies for the
standardization of herbal raw materials and their formulations.
Various methods of phytochemical standardization, such as
preliminary phytochemical screening, fingerprint profiling and
quantification of the marker compound with reference to plant
extracts and polyherbal formulations are used.[6] Standardization
is necessary to make sure the availability of an uniform product
in all parts of the world. It assures a consistently stronger
product with guaranteed constituents.[7]
Total polyphenol estimation of extracts
Materials and Methods
Plant material and market extracts
The five herbal anti‑diabetic drugs and their extracts, chosen
for this study were Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. ‑ Asclepiadaceae
(Madhunashini ‑ leaves),
Pterocarpus
marsupium
Roxb. ‑ Fabaceae (Vijaysara ‑ heart‑wood), Enicostema littorale
Blume. ‑ Gentianaceae (Mamejaka ‑ whole plant), Syzygium
cumini (L.) Skeels. ‑ Myrtaceae (Jambu ‑ seeds) and Emblica
officinalis Gaertn. ‑ Euphorbiaceae (Amalaki ‑ whole fruits).
All the authenticated crude drugs and market extracts of
Madhunashini, Mamejaka, Jambu were procured from Plantex
Agro Products (P) Ltd., Vashi, Navi Mumbai. Amalaki and
Vijaysara market extracts were procured from Kisalaya herbals,
Ratlam Kothi, Indore and Amruta Herbals Private Ltd., Sanwer
Road, Indore respectively.
Chemicals and standards
Gallic acid, gymnemagenin (Sigma‑Aldrich Co. LLC.),
pterostilbine (Wuxi Cima Science Co. Ltd.), vanillin,
Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, ortho‑phosphoric acid, sodium
acetate, formic acid (Merck chemicals Ltd.), anisaldehyde,
acetic acid, anhydrous sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid,
methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile
(SD Fine‑Chem. Ltd.).
Preparation of in‑house plant extracts
About 100 g of well‑dried crude po (...truncated)
