Effects of Different Growing Media on The Yield in Tomato, Cucumber and Pepper, and on Seedling in Tomato

Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Mayıs/May 2019, 16(2) Başvuru/Received: 28/08/17 Kabul/Accepted: 27/02/18 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.332857 http://dergipark.gov.tr/jotaf http://jotaf.nku.edu.tr/ RESEARCH ARTICLE ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ Effects of Different Growing Media on The Yield in Tomato, Cucumber and Pepper, and on Seedling in Tomato Sera Koşullarında Farklı Yetiştirme Ortamlarının Domates, Hıyar ve Biberde Bitki Gelişimi ve Verimi ile Domateste Fide Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Muhittin ÇELEBİ1 Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different growth media on the yield of tomato, cucumber and pepper, which are widely grown in the area; and on the germination and seedling quality of tomato seeds. The study was establishedwith 4 plant types x 5 growth media x 6 repetitions and 120 pots in total for 2 vegetation periods. Fantastic and Truss tomatoes, Demre long green pepper and local cucumber seedlings were used in the study. Mixture1 and Mixture2 consisted of peat and perlite and Mixture3 consisted of soil+ animal manure + perlite. The seedlings were distracted in pots containing the Mixture1, Mixture2, Mixture3, mere perlite and mere peat. As the germination media for the seeds, the mixture consisting of peat and perlite; and the mixture consisting of soil, animal manure, perlite, angular stream sand. The seeds were planted in seedling trays with 45 cells. The highest germination rate was obtained in the media with upper part perlite and lower part peat and mere peat medium with 96%. The 50% peat 50% perlite mixture was the second best with 94%. The highest fruit yield and plant height were obtained in Truss tomatoes by Mixture1, in Fantastic tomatoes by Mixture2, and in Pepper and Cucumber by Mixture 1. Keywords: Peat, perlite, tomatoes, pepper, cucumber, growth media. Öz Bu çalışma, değişik yetiştirme ortamlarının yörede yaygın olarak yetiştirilen domates, hıyar ve biber bitkilerinin gelişme ve verimleri ile domates tohumunun çimlenmesine ve fide kalitesine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Hibrit fantastik ve salkım domates çeşitleri, Demre sivrisi biber ve yerli hıyar tohumları kullanılmış, yetişme ortamı olarak hacim üzerinden %62 torf %38 perlitten oluşan karışım II,%29 torf %71 perlitten oluşan karışım 1, yalnız perlit, yalnız torf ile 1:1:1 oranında dişli dere kumu, yanmış hayvan gübresi ve killi tınlı topraktan oluşan harç kullanılmıştır. Her bitki için her yetişme ortamından 6 adet saksı kullanılmıştır. tohumlar için çimlenme ortamı olarak %50 torf, %50 perlitten oluşan karışım, yalnız perlit, yalnız torf, 1:1 oranında üstü perlit altı torf olan 2 katmanlı ortam ile 1:1:1 oranında dişli dere kumu+yanmış hayvan gübresi + perlitten oluşan harç kullanılmıştır. Bu ortamlar kullanılarak hazırlanan 45 gözlü fide viyollerine 14 Nisanda tohumlar yerleştirilmiştir. Fidede tüm bitkilerde en yüksek çimlenme oranı ve en iyi fide kalitesi %96 ile yalnız torf ile üstü perlit altı torf olan ortamda gerçekleşmiştir. %50 torf %50 perlit karışımı %94’le ikinci, yalnızca perlit %88’le üçüncü,1:1:1 oranında toprak, gübre, perlit karışımı %57 ile son sırayı almıştır. Her iki domates çeşidinde de karışım II, Biberde ve Hıyarda karışım 1 ile en yüksek verim elde edilmiştir. Anahar Kelimeler: torf, perlit, karışım, harç, yetiştirme ortamı Corresponding Author: Muhittin Çelebi, Cumra Vocational School, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. E-mail: OrcID: 0000-0002-6537-1641 Citation: Çelebi, M. Effects of different growing media on the yield in tomato, cucumber and pepper, and on seedling in tomato. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 112-120. 1 ©This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Tekirdağ 2019 JOTAF/ Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2019, 16(2) Turkey ranks the fourth in the greenhouse existence in the world, and the third among the Mediterranean countries after Spain and Italy; and the second in the greenhouse where vegetables are grown after Spain (Ilbay et. al. 2015). Tomato, cucumber and pepper are important vegetables that are grown widely in Turkey. The constant use of greenhouse soil cause problems due to infections, and the necessary precautions to eliminate these problems increase the costs, and cause environmental problems. Facility in supply, being light and homogenous, having suitable cost, facility in processing, having high waterretention capacity and sufficient aeration are among the important chemical, physical and biological characteristics in horticulture industry (Mathur and Voisin, 1996; Sahin et al.,2002; Ingram et al.,2003; Raviv et al., 2002; Sahin and Anapali, 2006; Yılmaz et. al. 2014). Cultivation without soil is considered as the safest alternative to soil and closed-soilless culture systems in terms of disinfection (Wohanka, 2002). De Boodt and Verdonck (1972) and Fonteno et al. (1981) conducted a study and reported that ideal media must have Total Pore Space (TPS) of over 85%. Michiels et al. Conducted a study in 1993 and reported the same ratio as 85-95%. It is generally accepted that the pH values, the nutrients and salt contents being lower is good for the media (De Boodt and Verdonck, 1972). An ideal growth medium must have a pH range between 5.3 and 6.5; and the EC level must be less than 0.50 dSm-1 (Raviv et al., 1986: Abad et al., 2001). However, there has not been any single ideal growth media for the nursery produced horticultural crops (Poole et al., 1981, Raviv et al., 1986, Bugbee and Frink, 1996).It has been reported that high organic matters support the growth of plants (Abad et al., 2001). The components of a growth medium have been classified by Schmilewski (2008). He classified those under 4 categories, which are; (1) Peats (i.e. Bog peats and fen peats); (2) Composted materials (green wastes, barks, wood wastes, etc.); (3) Other organic materials (barks, coir, wood fiber, wood chips, rice hulls, etc.); and (4) Mineral Materials (perlite, clay, vermiculite, sand, pumice, mineral wool, etc.). Peats have several physiochemical properties that make them be considered as one of the major components of potting (Handreck and Black, 2002). However, they also cause some environmental problems as well as being beneficial (Granberry et al., 2001; Wilson et al., 2001; Tsakaldimi, 2006; Chalker-Scott, 2014). A great deal of alternative growth media without soil has been investigated throughout history, which are; pumice stone (Karaman and Brohi, 1995), dried lake soils mixed farm yard manure (Karaman, M.R., Brohi A.R. and Er, F., 2003) coconut coir (Arenas et al., 2002), wood fibers (Gruda and Schnitzler, 2004), rice hulls (Evans and Gachukia, 2004). Also, Herrera et al. (2008); Kasmi et al. (2012) recommended the use of municipal solid wastes; Atiyeh et al. (2000); Bachman and Metzger (2008) recommended using vermin-composts; and Cegli (...truncated)