Farklı Fungisit Uygulama Programlarında Semillon Üzümünde Botrytis cinerea’nın Enfeksiyonu

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Köycü and et al., 2018: 15 (03) Infection of Botrytis cinerea in Different Fungicide Application Programs in Semillon Grape Nagehan Desen KÖYCÜ1* Cengiz ÖZER2 Erhan SOLAK3 Nafiz DELEN4 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Süleymanpaşa/Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey; 2 Viticulture Research Institute Süleymanpaşa/Tekirdağ 59100, Turkey; 3 Republic of Turkey in Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock Süleymanpaşa/Tekirdağ 59100, Turkey; 4 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Eagean Bornova/İzmir 35040, Turkey (Retired) *Corresponding author E-mail: Geliş Tarihi (Received): 19.06.2017 Kabul Tarihi (Accepted): 22.02.2018 Botrytis cinerea can lead to reduction in the yield and quality of table and wine grapes, with high economic loses in the world and also Turkey. In this work was compared fungicide applications in trial vineyard of Semillon cv. with that of several grower vineyards the effectiveness to fruit infection of Botrytis cinerea at harvest. Studies were conducted at five sites in Tekirdağ. All fungicide treatments reduced mean B. cinerea berry infection when compared to the unsprayed control treatment. Trial programme resulted in at least disease severity (1.46%) and incidence (5.83%) and this programme was used fungicide at flower stage for B. cinerea. The highest disease severity (11.46%) and incidence (31.67%) was noted in Grower I Programme. This is followed by Grower III programme, Grower II programme and Grower IV programme, respectively. The recommendation for control of B. cinerea in the Trakya region is to apply one spray at bloom. Key Words: Gray mold chemical control, berry infection, vine Farklı Fungisit Uygulama Programlarında Semillon Üzümünde Botrytis cinerea’nın Enfeksiyonu Botrytis cinerea dünyada olduğu gibi aynı zamanda Türkiye’de de sofralık ve şaraplık üzümlerde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Semillon şaraplık üzüm çeşidinde B. cinerea’nın hasat döneminde meydana getirdiği meyve enfeksiyonlarına karşı fungisit deneme programı ile üreticilerin uyguladığı fungisit programları karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulanan tüm fungisit programları kontrol üretici bağı ile karşılaştırıldığında B. cinerea’nın tane enfeksiyonlarını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. En az hastalık şiddeti (%1,46) ve hastalık oranı (%5.83) çiçeklenme döneminden itibaren başlatılan deneme programında tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek hastalık şiddeti (%11.46) ve hastalık oranı (%31.67) I. üreticinin uyguladığı programda tespit edilmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla III. üretici programı, II. üretici programı ve IV. üretici programı takip etmiştir. Trakya Bölgesi’nde B. cinerea’nın kontrolü için çiçeklenme döneminde fungisit uygulamalarının başlatılması önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurşuni küf, kimyasal kontrol, tane enfeksiyonu, bağ Introduction Gray mold is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The disease can lead to reduction in the yield and quality of table and wine grapes, with high economic losses in the world (Leroux et al., 1999) and also Turkey (Burçak and Delen, 2000; Koplay, 2003; Özer et al., 2004; Köycü et al. 2005). The disease appears as shoot blight or blossom blight following spring rains; flowers also become infected during bloom but the pathogen becomes latent until later in the season (McClellan and Hewitt 1973). The fungus growths and infects the entire fruit often resulting in berry-to-berry contact, where the cuticle is absent or very thin, increases the susceptibility of berries (Elmar and Michailides, 2004) and varieties within grape cultivars (e.g. Barış, Zinfandel Semillon) characterized by thin cuticle (Köycü et al. 2005). An understanding of the life cycle in grapes can 61 Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty increase the ability to reduce disease expression in bunches at harvest. The morphological, anatomical of cultivars with a range of resistance to B. cinerea is different (Elmar and Michailides, 2004). Therefore, disease prediction models rely on in field environmental monitoring stations that predict when conditions appropriate to infection (Nair and Allen 1993; Broome et al. 1995). A properly timed spray programme is essential for managing Gray mold in the vineyard. Since the disease spreads very fast especially in coastal region due to high humidity, successful control depends on controlling the flower infections (Nair et al. 1995). Trakya is a region in north-west Turkey where table and especially wine grapes are cultivated about 6800 hectares. During winter years with warmer temperatures and more than average humidity, bunch rot is likely to predominate in the Trakya region while cooler and wetter years are likely to lead to a higher occurrence of gray mold. Trakya Province and especially coastal areas are most vulnerable to bunch rot. In grapes, cultivar is one of the most important variables affecting grey mold epidemics (Özer et al., 2004). Estimations of the amount of B. cinerea occurring at different years in vineyard in the Trakya Province showed high infection of B. cinerea in wine grape cultivars. Disease incidence Köycü and et al., 2018: 15 (03) was determined as 38.5% in Semillon cultivars (Köycü et al. 2005). Fungicide applications in flower stage reduced B. cinerea fruit infections in Zinfandel and Emir wine grape cultivars at harvest. Therefore, the relationship between early infection and latency are important for disease control in Trakya region vineyards. The recommendation for control of B. cinerea in the Trakya region is to apply botryticide at flowering (Köycü, 2007). The growers in Trakya region use predominantly chlorothalonil+carbendazim (non-side specific organochlorin; benzimidazole), cyprodinil+fludioxonil (anilinopyrimidine; phenylpyrrole), fenhexamid (hydroxyanilide), iprodione (dicarboximide, pyrimethanil(anilinopyrimidine) a.i. botryticide fungicides. Treatments, however, with these fungicides rapidly became inefficient because of reduced sensitivity to fungicides of isolates on grapevines (Köycü et al., 2012) and resistance to these fungicides have been reported in B. cinerea worldwide (Gullino et al., 1989; Latorre et al., 1994; Hilber and Hilber-Bodmer, 1998; Ziogas and Klamarakis, 2001; Baroffio et al., 2003; Leroux, 2004; Walker et al., 2012). Table 1: Fungicides used to disease control in vineyards. Active Ingredient Commercial Product Azoxystrobin 250g/L Quadris SC, Bordo mixture (2%) 2000+1000 gr Captan 50% Captan WG Carbendazim 50% Deresol WP Chlorothalonil+Carbendazim 450+100 g/L Multyfix SC Copper oxychlorid 50% Cupravitob 21 WP Cymoxonil+Propineb 6%+70% AntracolCombi 76 WP Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil 37.5%+25% Switch 62.5 WG Fenhexamid 500 g/L Teldor SC Iprodione 50% Rovral WP KresoximMethyl+Boscalid 100+200 g/L Collis SC Myclobutanil+Quinoxyfen 45+45 g/L Porter Super 90 SC Penco (...truncated)