Essential oil composition of Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link from Northern Cyprus

Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2018; 5(2): 19-23 Aburwais et al. RESEARCH ARTICLE Essential oil composition of Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link from Northern Cyprus Omar Aburwais1, Azmi Hanoglu1, Betül Demirci2 and K. Hüsnü Can Başer1,* 1 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lefkoşa, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, TURKEY Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, TURKEY *Corresponding author. Email: Abstract Hydrodistilled essential oils from dried fruits of Zosima absithifolia (Vent.) Link (Apiaceae) collected from Northern Cyprus was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Octyl acetate (63.2-59.5%), octyl hexanoate (19.8-18.6%), octyl octanoate (9.9-9.2%) and octanol (7.1-2.2%) were characterized as main constituents. Keywords: Zosima, Apiaceae, Essential Oil Introduction Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link is a perennial herb found in the family Apiaceae. This plant is a widely distributed from Iran to Turkey, Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. It normally grows in fields, steppe, and lime stone slopes at an altitude of the range 400-2000 m (Davis, 1972). It is known as “Peynir otu” or “Ayı eli” in Turkey and used as digestive, antiinflammatory and carminative in Turkey (Bahadir et al., 2010). It is a cheese ingredient and is eaten as food after cooked (Aksakal & Kaya, 2008; Ozcelik, 1994). In Pakistan, it is used for bowel disorders and in the treatment of cough (Goodman & Ghafoor, 1992). While an ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity (Al-Shamma & Mitscher 1979), a methanolic extract possessed anti-oxidative, phytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities (Razavi et al., 2008). Essential oil was also shown to have antibacterial activity (Najed-Ebrahim & Razavi, 2008). Isolation of coumarins and alkaloids have been reported (Crowden et al., 1969; Razavi & Samad, 2009; Razavi et al., 2013). Previously, Başer et al. (2000) and Razavi et al. (2009) reported essential oil composition of fruits from Turkey and Iran, respectively (Başer et al., 2000) (Razavi et al., 2009). Here, we report on the chemical composition of fruit essential oils collected from Alevkayası near Girne (Kyrenia) from Northern Cyprus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Zosima from Cyprus. Materials and Methods Fruits of Zosima absinthifolia were collected from Alevkayası on June 1, 2016 and from the garden of Armenian Monastery at Alevkayasi on May 3, 2916. The plants were identified by one of us (KHCB). Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Near East University (NEUN 6887 and 6894). Dried fruits were hydrodistilled using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h. Oil yield was 0.05% on moisture-free basis. 19 Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2018; 5(2): 19-23 Aburwais et al. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) The essential oils of Zosima absinthifolia were characterized using GC-MS system. The GC-MS analysis was carried out with an Agilent 5975 GC-MSD system. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm film thickness) was utilized with helium as carrier gas (0.8 ml/min). GC oven temperature was kept at 60°C for 10 min and programmed to 220°C at a rate of 4°C/min, and kept constant at 220°C for 10 min and then modified to 240°C at a rate of 1°C/min. Split ratio was adjusted at 40:1. The injector temperature was set at 250°C. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV. Mass range was from m/z 35 to 450. Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) The GC analysis was carried out using an Agilent 6890N GC system. FID detector temperature was 300°C. To obtain the same elution order with GC-MS, simultaneous auto-injection was done on a duplicate of the same column applying the same operational conditions. Relative percentage amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from FID chromatograms Identification of the essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their relative retention times with those of authentic samples or by comparison of their relative retention index (RRI) to series of n-alkanes. Computer matching against commercial (Wiley GC/MS Library, MassFinder 3 Library) (Mac Lafferty & Stauffer, 1989) and (Koenig et al., 2004) and in-house “Başer Library of Essential Oil Constituents” built up by genuine compounds and components of known oils, as well as MS literature data (Koenig et al., 1998; Boelens, 1999) were used for the identification. Results and Discussion The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The Girne/ Alevkayası Armenian Monastery sample showed 32 compounds representing 99.5 percent of the oil. Octyl acetate (63.2%), octyl hexanoate (18.6%), octyl octanoate (9.2%) and octanol (2.2%) were characterized as main constituents. Octyl acetate (63.2%), octyl hexanoate (18.6%), octyl octanoate (9.2%) and octanol (2.2%) were characterized as main constituents. Girne/ Alevkayası sample similarly showed 14 compounds representing 99.6 percent of the total oil. Octyl acetate (59.5%), octyl hexanoate (19.8%), octyl octanoate (9.9%) and octanol (7.1%) were characterized as major constituents (Table 1 and 2). There are two previous reports on the essential oil composition of Z. absinthifolia fruits. Başer et al. (2000) reported that octyl acetate (38.9%), octyl hexanoate (31.9%) and octanol (12.9%) were the main constituents in the oil of Z. absinthifolia collected in Turkey. Razavi et al. (2009) reported the essential oil composition of Z. absinthifolia fruits of Iran origin as octyl acetate (87.5), Octyl octanoate (5.0%), octanol (2.4%), hexyl hexanoate (1.5%) and octanoic acid (1.1%) as main constituents. Our results are in accordance with the previous reports. Major constituents octyl acetate, octyl hexanoate, octyl octanoate and octanol have previously been reported as main constituents from other Heracleum oils. Hajhashemi et al. (2009) reported octyl acetate (16.5%) as main constituent of fruit oil of H. persicum Desf. ex Fisch. (Hajhashemi et al., 2009). 1-Octanol (13.6% and octyl hexanoate (8.1%) were reported as main constituents of the Heracleum sibiricum L. oil. Its antibacterial activity was also investigated (Miladinovic et al., 2013). Antibacterial activity and chemical composition showing octyl acetate (93.7%) as main constituent of the essential oils of Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen) Brummit were reported (Iscan et al., 2004). 20 Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2018; 5(2): 19-23 Aburwais et al. Table 1: Essential oil composition of Z. absinthifolia collected from Girne/ Alevkayası in Armenian Monastery location LRI Compound % 1032 α-Pinene tr 1048 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol 0.1 1093 Hexanal 0.1 1194 Heptanal 0.1 1244 2-Pentyl furan tr 1255 -Terpinene 0.1 1280 p-Cymene tr 1296 Octanal 0.3 1327 3-Methyl-2-butenol tr 1400 Nonanal 0.1 1483 Octyl acetate 63.2 1516 (Z)-4-Octenyl acetate 0.5 1535 - (...truncated)