Broadband Diamond-Patch-Shape Monopole Microstrip Antenna for X-band Applications

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil https://zancojournals.su.edu.krd/index.php/JPAS ISSN (print ):2218-0230, ISSN (online): 2412-3986, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/zjpas RESEARCH PAPER Broadband Diamond-Patch-Shape Monopole Microstrip Antenna for X-band Applications Halgurd N.Awl1 , Bzhar R.Othman2 , Aven R.Hamza3 1&2&3 Department of Communication Engineering , Sulaimani polytechnic University , Sulaimani Iraq. A B S T R A C T: A novel design of diamond patch shape Microstrip antenna designed and presented, in this paper. The designed antenna has a compact size 15x20x1.575 mm3 with a simple structure consisting of diamond patch shape with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed line. The antenna has a very broad bandwidth from 5.5 GHz to 13.5 GHz with a return loss smaller than -10dB over the frequency range of interest. The obtained antenna bandwidth is %84 at the center frequency 9.5 GHz. The antenna has a directional radiation pattern in the E plane with realized gain 4.5 dB. These features, let the antenna to be used for radar and satellite applications. KEY WORDS: Microstrip antenna; Wide bandwidth; X-band; Radar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.31.s3.57 ZJPAS (2019) , 31(s3);400-404 . INTRODUCTION: Modern wireless communications are in a high demand on antenna designs. Modern communication systems require miniaturized multipurpose antennas to provide multiple service devices ( Sayidmarie & Yahya, 2013) .For this purpose, some unique properties of antennas are required such as multiband , broad band , and proper radiation features for specific applications The researchers are asked to reduce the antenna size by accommodating broadband and multiband antennas into a single unit because of technological developments and devices miniaturization. (Mishra, et. al. , 2018). The use of broadband antenna increases in various UWB and X-band applications because of supporting high transmission rate and low power consumption. The Microstrip antenna is usually preferred in * Corresponding Author: Halgurd N.Awl E-mail: Article History: Received: 10/01/2019 Accepted: 05/04/2019 Published: 09/08 /2019 multi band antenna designs as it is low profile, simple integration, and a small size (Lee & Chakrabarty, 2011). To achieve different application requirements, many broadband and multi-band Microstrip antennas have been presented by worldwide reserachers . Lee & Chakrabarty (2011) presented a diamond shape Microstrip slot antenna with improvid bandwidth to cover the UWB. The proposed antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The result displays a frequency region between 3.28 to 19.64 GHz, having a percentage bandwidth of 120.68%. Mishra, et al (2018) proposed a compact ultra-wideband Microstrip antenna to operate in KU band and partially k band (11.97 to 20.54) GHz, which was a great enhancement in bandwidth. It achieves the peak of gain 8.5 dBi with maximum radiation efficiency of 88.5%. The resonator loaded method, by using two pairs of quarter-circle parasitic load added to the upper corners of the Monopole substrate and ground-planes are used to design a planar antenna for C band wireless application because of its feature compact size, simple structure, broadband operating bandwidth, and stable radiation patterns It can be a good candidate for many applications. Awl. H. et al. /ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (s3): 400-404 401 Vyas & Singhal, (2014) used the concept of Modified Ground Structure (MGS) to achieve enhancement of bandwidth the bandwidth (S11< 10) of antenna is 3.8 GHz. The antenna offers satisfactory gain across the operating frequency band. Another broadband Circular Polarized (CP) antenna CPW fed proposed to cover the bandwidth (S11< -10) of 104% from (1.78 to 5.64) GHz. RADAR systems can be used for many different purposes and applications. A specific frequency range is allocated for each application. Marine Radar Communication (SART) which can be utilized for the locating boat and marine, usually operate at 7GHz (Majeed et. al, 2011) X-band frequency range 9.41.9.9 GHz is used for traffic radar in some Europe countries (Held,2007). KUband frequency 13.45 GHz is also allocated for traffic radar in the United states by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) (Held,2007). However, lower frequency 10.25 GHz at X-Band can be an alternative for higher frequencies as it can be used in all weather conditions with lower attenuation (Singh, et. al. 2012). Beside radar applications ,UWB and X band can be used for many other applications such as biomedical applications specifically medical monitoring and medical imaging (Pan,2007) X-band Satellite, and (6-7GHz) band communication Satellite which are called Low- Earth-Orbit (LEO) and MediumEarth Orbit(MEO) Satellite(Bora & Neog)( Gao, et. al. 2009) In this paper, a broadband diamond-patchshape Monopole Microstrip antenna is designed for X-band application to cover frequency range of 5.5 – 13.5 GHz. It is designed for achieving the Wide bandwidth. In the section Section 2, defines the configuration of the proposed antenna presented, and Section 3 covers the simulated results of the antenna performances in terms of reternloss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. Finally, the summary of the paper are presented in the conclusion. 1. Antenna design The geometry of the designed diamond-patchshape Monopole Microstrip antenna is illustarted in Fig. 1. The antenna is single layer with the printed diamond patch on a Druid RT5880 LZ substrate. The thickness of the substarte is (h =1.575mm) with relative permittivity (εr=1.96). The proposed antenna cover the frequency range of (5.5 to 13.5) GHz. Based on the transmission line model, the dimensions of the antenna have been obtained as follows (Balanis, 2005): Ɛ Ɛ +1 Ɛ𝑟 −1 ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓= 𝑟 + [1+12 ]−1/2 2 2 𝑤 (1) The width of the Monopole antenna is calculated (Balanis, 2005): W= 1 2 √ 2fr√εo μ o Ɛr + 1 (2) The length of the Monopole antenna increases electrically because of fringing, so the increase in length is (Balanis, 2005): W + 0.264) h ∆L = 0.412h W (Ɛreff − 0.258)( + 0.8) h (Ɛreff + 0.3)( (3) The length is increased on both sides of the Microstrip Monopole. Thus, the effective length is (Balanis, 2005): Leff = L + 2∆L λ L = eff − 2∆L = 2f 2 1 r √Ɛreff √ε0 μ0 (4) − 2∆L (5) The dimensions of the ground plane, Width (Wg) and Length (Lg) is given by: Wg = W + 6h (6) Lg = L + 6h (7) ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2019 Awl. H. et al. /ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (s3): 400-404 402 These numerical expressions give approximate results that can be viewed as a starting point. After that, all antenna dimensions well optimized (In the optimization process, different value of antenna parameters tried, when the optimum antenna performance achieved, the tested parameter values were fixed) and its size reduced significantly in comparison to the conventional Microstrip antenna. The CPW feeding method that ha (...truncated)