The Investigation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Lung Tissues of Cattle with Cystic Echinococcosis

Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 2019; 30 (1): 14-19 Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article The Investigation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Lung Tissues of Cattle with Cystic Echinococcosis Orhan Yavuz1, Güngör Çağdaş Dinçel2, Sami Gökpınar3, Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu4 Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, Aksaray Turkey. 2 Aksaray University, Eskil Vocational School, Veterinary Department, Aksaray Turkey. 3 Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology, Kırıkkale, Turkey. 4 Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Aksaray Turkey. 1 Geliş Tarihi / Received: 06.02.2019, Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 22.05.2019 Abstract: Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by Echinococcus granulosus, represents a substantial global health problem. Hydatid cyst (Echinococcus) has a remarkable negative effect on the health of people and the economic development of the country. The objective of this study was to investigate the CD68, nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT 3), Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and Neuregulin 2 (NRG2) expressions in bovine lungs infected with E. granulosus and to identify whether they have any correlation with pulmonary pathology. For this purpose, 30 bovine lung tissues were used between January 2016 and December 2016 collected in Kırıkkale slaughterhouse. In histopathologic examinations, proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and infiltration of mononuclear cells were detected in the lung tissues of the bovine. Most of the cysts were seen to be quite thick capsule. There was also a cellular line rich in abundant fibroblasts and mononuclear cells. The cyst wall was found to be an eosinophilic laminar structure. There was infiltration with lymphocytes and macrophages, especially eosinophils and giant cells. Immunohistochemically, CD68 positivity was seen around the bronchi, bronchioles and cystic matter. However; NMNAT 3, NRG1 and NRG2 showed no positive reactions in macrophages, bronchi, bronchioles and alveolar epithelium. These results indicate that NMNAT 3, NRG1 and NRG2 pathways were not used in pulmonary pathology. Therefore, it is the most important result of the study that the adhesion molecules in pulmonary pathology are not originating from NMNAT 3, NRG1 and NRG2. Key words: CD68, NMNAT 3, Neuregulin 1, Neuregulin 2, Pathology Kistik Ekinokokkozisli Sığır Akciğerlerinde Hücre Adezyon Moleküllerinin Araştırılması Özet: Kistik ekinokokkozis, dünya çapında Echinococcus granulosus’un neden olduğu geniş dağılımı olan zoonotik bir hastalıktır ve önemli bir küresel sağlık sorunudur. Kist hidatid (Echinococcus), insan sağlığı ve ülkenin ekonomik gelişimi üzerinde dikkate değer bir olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı E. granulosus ile enfekte olmuş sığır akciğerlerinde CD68, nikotinamid nükleotid adenililtransferaz 3 (NMNAT 3), Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ve Neuregulin 2 (NRG2) ekspresyonlarını araştırmak ve pulmoner patoloji ile herhangi bir korelasyon olup olmadığını saptamaktır. Bu amaçla Kırıkkale kesimhanesinde Ocak 2016 ile Aralık 2016 arasında toplanan 30 adet büyükbaş akciğer dokusu kullanıldı. Histopatolojik incelemede, sığırların akciğer dokularında fibröz bağ dokusu proliferasyonu ve mononükleer hücrelerin infiltrasyonu saptandı. Kistlerin çoğunun oldukça kalın bir kapsülü olduğu görüldü. Ayrıca fibroblastlar ve mononüklear hücreler bakımından zengin bir hücresel hat vardı. Kist duvarının eozinofilik bir laminar yapı gösterdiği tespit edildi. Lenfosit, makrofaj, özellikle eozinofil infiltrasyonları ve dev hücrelerinin de görüldüğü yangısal alanlar dikkati çekti. İmmünhistokimyasal olarak, CD68 ekspresyonları bronş, bronşiyol ve kistik yapının etrafında gözlendi. NMNAT 3, NRG1 ve NRG2 makrofajlarda, bronş, bronşiyol ve alveolar epitellerinde hiçbir pozitif reaksiyon göstermemiştir. Bu sonuçlar, pulmoner patolojide NMNAT 3, NRG1 ve NRG2 yollarının kullanılmadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, çalışmanın en önemli sonucu, pulmoner patolojide adezyon moleküllerinin NMNAT 3, Neuregulin 1 ve Neuregulin 2’den kaynaklanmadığıdır. Anahtar kelimeler: CD68, NMNAT 3, Neuregulin 1, Neuregulin 2, Patoloji Introduction Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid cyst, is a zoonotic disease caused by Eccinococcus granulosus and is widely observed in our country and in the world. The definitive host of E. granulo- sus is varies where there are many wild carnivores except the dog and red foxes. Human and animals such as sheep, cattle, and swine are the intermediate host of the parasite. The definitive hosts are infected by taking the infected organs by the alimentary Yazışma adresi / Correspondence: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Orhan Yavuz, (ORCID: 0000-0002-1218-4295), Aksaray Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, Aksaray E-posta: Yavuz O ve ark. The Investigation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Lung Tissues of Cattle with Cystic Echinococcosis route. Adult parasites are consist of the released protoscolexes. The final host contaminates the environment with pregnant rings thrown from adult parasites [19]. Clinical findings of hydatid cyst may not be seen for years due to the slow development of the cyst and its importance in organelle localization. The size of the lesions is directly proportional to the location of the cyst in the host [21]. Molecular characterization studies have shown that there are genetic differences among E. granulosus isolated from different hosts and countries [29]. Therefore, the control of CE is important for revelation of the strains seen in endemic regions, and it is important to control the disease [8]. NAD is the coenzyme that involved in many metabolic enzymatic reactions. Nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT-3) regulates the mitochondrial NAD level in the mitochondria in cells. Previous studies have shown that NMNAT-3 is expressed in lung tissue [3]. However, there were no studies found about this molecule in domestic animals in CE cases. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a trophic factor that is indicative of an epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling by inducing ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases [10,28]. Neuregulin 2 (NRG2), an insert variant of NRG1, is a transmembrane protein that assists in the regulation of cell proliferation, cellular differentiation and survival [4, 5]. As shown by the studies, NRG1 and NRG2 were expressed in the lung epithelial tissues [22]. It has been reported, these molecules found especially in alveolar, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia. In recent years, the effectiveness of these molecules has been investigated in lung cancers and inflammatory cases. It has been concluded that it has anti-inflammatory action in inflammatory cases. Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68) is a protein that is excreted in large amounts from tissue macrophages in tissues and monocytes in the blood [16]. In this study, the presence of NMNAT 3, NRG (...truncated)