ریختشناسی شاخههای کاشته شده برخی گونههای Capparaceae و Combretaceae در منطقه کردفان (سودان)
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S.O. Tutu Kafe and K.F. Elkhalifa / Shoot morphology of some Capparaceae and Combretaceae …/ Rostaniha 13(2), 2012
(1391) 152-163 :(2)13 رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ
Rostaniha 13(2): 152-163 (2012)
Shoot morphology of some Capparaceae and Combretaceae plantations in the
Kordofan region of the Sudan*
Received: 02.05.2012 / Accepted: 05.09.2012
Salih O. Tutu Kafe: PhD Student, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of
Kordofan, Sudan
Kamal F. Elkhalifa
: Prof., Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Sudan ()
Abstract
This study was conducted in the Kordofan region of Sudan during 2011–12. It was devoted to the morphology associated to
the juvenile development and performance of tree species of Capparaceae and Combretaceae in a nursery and early field growth.
The nursery experiment was conducted to study morphological characters to identify seedlings of tree species under study. Seedlings
were transplanted to the field whereupon a field trial for sapling characters was carried out. A total of 19 species in eight genera were
recorded, representing the two families. The main results related to the morphological characters of nursery seedlings and field
saplings. Analysis of variance showed significant differences (P = <0.001) in seedlings’ and saplings’ growth parameters. Height
growth varied significantly, across the Capparaceae species, maximum seedling height (17.75 cm), while highest collar diameter
(0.133 cm) and leaf length (3.213 cm) were found in Maerua crassifolia followed by Maerua angolensis the lowest was in Cadaba.
At the sapling stage, the mean leaf size (length and width) significantly varied and was highest in Cadaba rotundifolia, 2.850 × 2.650
cm (of Capparaceae) and in Terminalia laxiflora, 4.700 × 2.280 cm (of Combretaceae). Utilizing all these morphological characters
(both qualitative and quantitative) at different growth stages of Capparaceae and Combretaceae members, coupled with
photographic data, short dichotomous keys were developed for easy identification of seedlings and saplings of these families and
might be used as a template for general plant identification in the region.
Keywords: Cadaba rotundifolia, growth performance, Maerua angolensis, Maerua crassifolia, Terminalia laxiflora
( در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺮدﻓﺎن )ﺳﻮدانCombretaceae وCapparaceae رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي
1391/6/15 : ﭘﺬﻳﺮش/ 1391/2/13 :درﻳﺎﻓﺖ
ﺳﻮدان، داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮاي داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﺎرﻃﻮم: ﺗﻮﺗﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﻪ.ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ا
() ﺳﻮدان، اﺳﺘﺎد داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﺟﻨﮕﻞﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﺎرﻃﻮم: اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﻪ.ﻛﻤﺎل اف
ﺧﻼﺻﻪ
رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﻲ دو ﺗﻴﺮه، ﻣﻴﻼدي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ2011-12 در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺮدﻓﺎن ﻛﺸﻮر ﺳﻮدان ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي
آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎي ﺧﺰاﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫـﺎي. در دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﻲ در ﺧﺰاﻧﻪ و رﺷﺪ ﻧﻬﺎل در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖCombretaceae وCapparaceae
در. ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﺟﻮان ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧـﺪ.ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺰاﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻬـﺎلﻫـﺎي. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻫﺸﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ دو ﺗﻴﺮه ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪﻧﺪ19 ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮع
ﺗﻔـﺎوت ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ.( در ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد داﺷـﺖP = <0.001) ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ.ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي ﺑﻮد
، ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘــﺮ ﻣــﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﻳــﺪ17/75 ، ﺑــﺎ ﺣــﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ارﺗﻔــﺎع ﻧﻬــﺎل،Capparaceae ﺗــﻮﺟﻬﻲ در رﺷــﺪ اﻧــﺪازهﻫــﺎي ﻃ ـﻮﻟﻲ در ﺑــﻴﻦ ﺗﻤــﺎم ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﺗﻴــﺮه
وMaerua angolensis و ﺳـﭙﺲ درMaerua crassifolia ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در3/213) ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ( و ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ0/133) در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻳﻘﻪ
ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ اﻧـﺪازه ﻃـﻮل و ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺮگ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ﺑـﻮد ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮريﻛـﻪ، در ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﻧﻬـﺎل. اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪCadaba ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن در
،Combretaceae از ﺗﻴـــﺮهTerminalia laxiflora ﺳـــﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘـــﺮ و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒـــﺎ در2/850 × 2 /650 ،Capparaceae از ﺗﻴـــﺮهCadaba rotundifolia در
از ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ )ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ( در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪ اﻋﻀﺎي دو ﺗﻴﺮه ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ، ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر. ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ4/700 × 2 /280
ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻳـﻚ اﻟﮕـﻮ.ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮام ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ در ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ
.ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﺎم ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار داد
Terminalia laxiflora ،Maerua crassifolia ،Maerua angolensis ،Cadaba rotundifolia
، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد رﺷﺪ:واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي
* The paper is derived from PhD thesis of the 1st author under the supervision of Dr. Kamal F. Elkhalifa submitted to the University of
Khartoum, Sudan
153 / 153
Rostaniha (Botanical Journal of Iran) Vol. 13 (2), 2012
Introduction
Through the studies of Elkhalifa & Aref
(2004) seedlings of fourteen Acacia species were
identification has been tackled by Smallidge (1999) and
Spooner (2007).
Moreover,
There are many problems facing the area
Zhang & Dang (2007) suggested that differences in
such as environmental and climatic changes, sand
shoot morphology may be useful in defining taxa
movements,
within the families.
and
segregated
by
shoot
characteristics.
high
rainfall
fluctuations,
temperature,
which
drought
influence
spells
the
tree
Members of Capparaceae and Combretaceae
species characters. There were difficulties and lack
families belong to Kordofan’s Regional Flora and they
of information about identification of seedlings or
were distributed widely in different parts of the study
regeneration
area where their members have multiple uses. El Tahir &
behavior
Gebanuer (2004) identified many trees and shrubs of the
different. There is a need for tree identification at
region that utilized for fuel, fruits, tannins and fodder.
early
Because these trees are important members of the flora it
characteristics
are
is essential to be able to identify the species not only as
similarities
vegetative
adults but also as seedlings and saplings. Members of the
measurable
Capparaceae family, yield copious nectar when in flower
different species at seedlings and saplings stages
and are important in providing food for honeybees, as are
can
various species of Acacia.
could be developed for easy, speedy and reliable
In the present study, morphology of the shoots of
saplings
of their
stages
be
of
in
of
most
species
characters is to
where
absent,
besides
identified.
reproductive
the
characters.
plus
By
great
utilizing
qualitative
Accordingly,
the
some extent
development
characters
and
ones,
botanical
keys
identification.
The
the selected species of Capparaceae and Combretaceae
study
and
aims
of
develop
vegetative identification keys. These two families,
members
Capparaceae and Combretaceae, belong to order
families at different stages of growth. However, the
Myrtales in subclass Rosidae of Dicotyledonous plants.
specific
Morphological variation within and among populations
assessing the taxonomic distinctness of any entities
can either be due to genotypic differentiation or to
present, investigating the environmental impacts (...truncated)
