تعیین اثربخشی مداخله‌ی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر کنترل عواطف و کنترل فکر افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو

Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center Original Article The effectiveness of intervention based on acceptance and commitment on emotions and thoughts control in patients with type II diabetes Khadijeh Aarab Shaibani 1 Assistant professor of psychology, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract Introduction: Intervention based on acceptance and commitment is one of the third waves cognitive behavioral therapies and is currently being used in the treatment of a number of psychological conditions and disorders. It also enhances psychological flexibility and subsequently improves patients' mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intervention based on acceptance and commitment on emotions and thoughts control in patients with type II diabetes in Ferdows city. Materials and Methods: Participants if this clinical research included 34 patients with type II diabetes that were selected from those who had records in the hospital clinic in Ferdows city at 2016 year and who were randomly assigned into equal control and experimental groups. All the participants completed both Effective Control Scale (ECS) and Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) as the pre-test and post-test. Afterwards the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy each of which lasted for one hour. Data analyzed through covariance and SPSS software. Results: The results showed that intervention based on acceptance and commitment had significantly improved emotions and thoughts control in the experimental group compared to controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Generally, the findings of this study show the efficacy of intervention based on acceptance and commitment to improve emotions control and thought control in patients with type II diabetes and also represents new horizons in clinical interventions which can be used as an appropriate intervention. Keywords: Diabetes type II, Emotions, Intervention based on acceptance and commitment, Thought control Please cite this paper as: Aarab Shaibani Kh. The effectiveness of intervention based on acceptance and commitment on emotions and thoughts control in patients with type II diabetes. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2017 Jul-Aug; 19(4): 109-14. Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases that disrupt regular life, and it has important psychological consequences (1). Some studies show that the prevalence of type II diabetes due to obesity and decreased physical activity is rapidly increasing (2,3), and now more than 311 million people worldwide have diabetes, while in 2030, it will reach 470 million (4). Diabetes also can affect physical performance, *Corresponding Author: Payam-e-Noor University, South Khorasan province, Ferdows, Iran Received: Jan. 15, 2017 Accepted: May. 17, 2017 Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2017 Jul-Aug http://jfmh.mums.ac.ir 489 ACT ON EMOTION AND THOUGHTS CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS the development of symptoms, psychological status, personal, family, and social relationships, sexual function, and perception of health (5). Hence people with diabetes require fundamental changes in life to control their disease (6). The most important changes in the lives of people with diabetes can include changes in control of thoughts and emotions, and it seems that dialectical behavior therapy can be effective in this regard. Extreme emotions can lead people to conflict, aggression, anger, hatred, and anxiety that threaten people's mental and emotional health seriously when they are not controlled (7). It is better to reduce their reactive consequences instead of preventing emotions so that enough opportunities are provided for better decisions, foresight, and creativity (8). The skill of emotional control means that people learn how to recognize their emotions in different situations and then express and control them (9). Emotional control skills affect various aspects of life, interpersonal interactions, as well as mental and physical health (10). On the other hand, the meta-cognitive model, which emphasizes the role of thought control strategies, can be introduced regarding thought control. According to this model, the orientation of abuses, arousal, and attention is somehow due to subsequent symptoms of stressful events. In fact, these responses are tools for the emotional process after damage and let individuals plan for future threats (11). Wells and Davies (1994) developed thought control strategies, including worry, self-punishment, distraction, reevaluation, and social control, in developing the meta-cognitive model of emotional disorders as one of the main components of the model. Investigation of literature indicates acceptable and distinctive extensions of these strategies (1215). Dialectical behavior therapy is one of the third waves of cognitive-behavioral therapies, and in addition to changing behavior, acceptance and mindfulness strategies are used to increase psychological flexibility, which can be considered an advantage of this approach compared to the previous ones. Dialectical behavior therapy, which was designed by Linehan in 1993, combines the change in traditional treatments of cognitive behavioral therapy with acceptance strategies taken from Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2017 Jul-Aug KHADIJEH AARAB SHAIBANI eastern teachings and practices and aims to reduce the suffering of people involved in emotional problems such as depression. In order to achieve this aim, different skills of mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal relationships have been included in a standard protocol. The tolerance of people to resist negative psychological conditions and experiences is called distress tolerance (16). Low distress tolerance leads to impulsive behavior and the suppression of individual suffering, while increased emotional tolerance plays an important role in improving suicidal behavior (17). Emotional regulation means the ability of individuals to influence the type, time, and manner to experience and express emotions and also the change in duration or severity of behavioral, empirical, and physical processes of excitement and is done through the application of emotion regulation strategies consciously or unconsciously (18). Social skills are also related constantly and positively with all indicators of psychological well-being and positive relations with others (19). According to Linehan, one of the main objections of cognitive approaches is that there is no integrity between the theses of therapists and patients because, in these approaches, the main emphasis is on changes in the emotions, cognitions, and behaviors of clients. In these conditions, clients feel that treatment processes not only make their behaviors invalid but also make them realize themselves as invalid. Perceived invalidity leads to some (...truncated)