A novel topical association with zinc oxide, chamomile and aloe vera extracts - stability and safety studies

Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research (BBR), Dec 2015

Currently, natural products show an enormous potential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The goals of this study were to formulate and to characterise a novel combination of natural products. Formulations were 1) an oil-in-water emulsion, 2) a water-in-oil emulsion and 3) a cleansing solution. Zinc oxide was chosen as an active ingredient due to its healing properties, and chamomile and aloe vera extracts were chosen due to their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerating properties. Organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity and in vitro efficacy for the most common bacteria and yeast of human skin were evaluated. Preliminary and accelerated stability studies and safety tests were also performed. All optimized products were stable, smooth in texture, effective against bacteria and yeast, and safe, justifying further studies. Results suggest that these novel products might be a promising source of natural compounds with soothing and regenerative properties for skin care.

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A novel topical association with zinc oxide, chamomile and aloe vera extracts - stability and safety studies

Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Sciences│Ciências Biofarmacêuticas Biopharmaceutical Research Biomed Biopharm Res. , 2015; (12) 2: , 251-264 Jornal de Investigação Biomédica e Biofarmacêutica DOI: 10.19277/bbr.12.2.122 A novel topical association with zinc oxide, chamomile and aloe vera extracts stability and safety studies Uma nova associação de uso tópico contendo óxido de zinco e extractos de aloe vera e camomila - estudos de estabilidade e segurança Catarina Reis1, Ana F. Antunes1, Patrícia Rijo1, Marina Baptista1, Joana P Mota1, Luís Monteiro Rodrigues1,2 CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidade e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal 2 Pharmacol. Sc Depart – Universidade de Lisboa, School of Pharmacy, Lisboa, Portugal E-mail: 1 Abstract Currently, natural products show an enormous potential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The goals of this study were to formulate and to characterise a novel combination of natural products. Formulations were 1) an oil-in-water emulsion, 2) a water-in-oil emulsion and 3) a cleansing solution. Zinc oxide was chosen as an active ingredient due to its healing properties, and chamomile and aloe vera extracts were chosen due to their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerating properties. Organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity and in vitro efficacy for the most common bacteria and yeast of human skin were evaluated. Preliminary and accelerated stability studies and safety tests were also performed. All optimized products were stable, smooth in texture, effective against bacteria and yeast, and safe, justifying further studies. Results suggest that these novel products might be a promising source of natural compounds with soothing and regenerative properties for skin care. Keywords: Chamomilla recutita; Aloe vera; Zinc Oxide; Topical formulations; Skin. Resumo: Atualmente, os produtos naturais apresentam um enorme potencial para as indústrias farmacêuticas e cosméticas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram a formulação e a caracterização de três cosméticos contendo produtos naturais. As formulações foram: 1) emulsão óleo-em-água; 2) emulsão água-em-óleo e 3) solução de limpeza. O óxido de zinco foi escolhido como ingrediente ativo devido às suas propriedades regenerativas e os extratos de aloe vera e camomila devido às suas propriedades antissépticas, anti-inflamatórias e também regenerativas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram as características organoléticas, pH, viscosidade e a eficácia in vitro contra bactérias e fungos comuns em doenças de pele. Foram igualmente efetuados estudos preliminares e acelerados de estabilidade e segurança. Todos os produtos demonstraram estabilidade, textura suave, eficácia contra bactérias e fungos e segurança, justificando estudos adicionais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que estes novos produtos poderão ser uma fonte promissora de produtos naturais com propriedades calmante e regenerativa para a pele. Palavras-chave: Chamomilla recutita; Aloe vera; Óxido de zinco; Formulações tópicas; Pele. Received / Recebido: 07/12/2015 Accepted / Aceite: 14/12/2015 Electronic Edition: http://www.biomedicalandbiopharmaceuticalresearch.com 251 Catarina Reis et al. Introduction Introdução Ointment bases may have a great importance in terms of skin protection and permeation since it is clear that these topical formulations are actually a major determinant of skin care and dermatological health, also favoring aesthetical appearance, hence retarding skin ageing (1,2) . In general, these bases can be set in five different types with distinct physical properties. Specifically, bases for transdermal drug delivery can be classified in hydrophobic, absorbent, water-soluble and water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) semi-solid formulations, with the oil-in-water formulations often used for preparing creams. In this study, we developed three different formulations (O/W emulsion, W/O emulsion and cleansing solution) with an original combination of natural products known for their soothing, regenerating, anti-inflammatory and/or antiseptic properties (3–6). All products were further characterised for organoleptic, pH, viscosity and in vitro efficacy against the most frequent bacteria and yeast in human skin diseases. Preliminary stability studies and safety assessment were also performed. Os produtos cosméticos têm uma grande importância em termos de protecção da pele e permeação cutânea uma vez que é claro que as formulações tópicas são, na verdade, um dos principais determinantes de cuidados da pele e saúde dermatológica, favorecendo a aparência estética e, portanto, poderão retardar o envelhecimento da pele (1,2). Geralmente, as bases podem ser de cinco tipos diferentes com propriedades físicas distintas. Mais especificamente, as bases utilizadas para veiculação transdérmica de fármacos podem ser classificadas em hidrofóbicas, absorventes, hidrossolúveis ou formulações semi-sólidas água em óleo (A/O) ou óleo em água (O/A), sendo esta última frequentemente usada na preparação de cremes. Neste estudo, foram desenvolvidos três produtos cosméticos diferentes (emulsão O/A, emulsão A/O e solução de limpeza) que têm na sua composição produtos naturais com propriedades calmante, anti-inflamatória, antisséptica e de regeneração de tecidos (3–6). Todos os produtos foram caracterizados em termos de propriedades organoléticas, pH, viscosidade e eficácia in vitro contra as bactérias e fungos mais frequentemente associadas com doenças da pele. Foram igualmente efetuados estudos preliminares e acelerados de estabilidade e segurança com voluntários humanos. Materials and Methods Materiais e Métodos All reagents were analytical grade. Todos os reagentes utilizados foram de grau analítico. a) Production of W/O emulsion a) Produção da emulsão A/O A W/O emulsion was prepared by weighing the constituents of the oily phase containing vitamin E acetate (2.94 - 3.2%, w/v), dimethicone (0.98 - 1.1%, w/v), Dragosan® (1.96 - 6.00%, w/v), lanolin (5.3 - 10.0%, w/v), cod liver oil (2.7 - 12.55%, w/v) and white petroleum (19.6 - 21.4%, w/v) (7–9). These components were melted in a water bath at 65 °C and slowly mixed. The aqueous phase included citric acid (0.49 - 0.52%, w/v), water (21 - 23%, w/v), magnesium sulfate (0.98 - 1.1%, w/v), Neolon 950® (0.736%, w/v) and Abiol® (0.3%, w/v), which were accurately weighed and heated in water bath at 65 °C (1,7,10). Afterward, the previous two phases were mixed for 20 minutes until a homogenous emulsion was formed. After cooling the temperature to 60°C, chamomile (0.49 0.52%, w/v) and aloe vera extracts (4.9 - 5.3%, w/v) were added (4–6,11,12). In a pre-heated (60 °C) mortar, corn starch (14.7 - 16.0 %, w/v), titanium oxide (1.5 - 1.6%, w/v) and zinc oxide (14.7 - 16.0%, w/v) were added (7,9,13), after which the W/O emulsion was homogenized and packaged. Thirteen formulations were prepared according to Table 1. A emulsã (...truncated)


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Catarina Reis, Ana F. Antunes, Patrícia Rijo, Marina Baptista, Joana P Mota, Luís Monteiro Rodrigues. A novel topical association with zinc oxide, chamomile and aloe vera extracts - stability and safety studies, Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research (BBR), 2015, pp. 251-264, Volume 2, DOI: 10.19277/bbr.12.2.122