Metabolic disorders in women at procreative age living in Warsaw

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, Jan 2015

Background. Abnormal body mass and related metabolic disorders may affect female reproductive health. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of under- and overweight, and also related metabolic disorders, among women at procreative age in Warsaw. Materials and Methods. 164 non-pregnant women at procreative age (20-49 years) living in Warsaw, who in 2011-2012 participated in the WAW-KARD cross-sectional study of the Warsaw population, assigned to 3 age groups: 20-29 years (n=17), 30-39 years (n=78) and 40-49 years (n=69). Results. Under- and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity was found in respectively 1.2%, 25%, 12.2% and 37.2% of the participants. Prevalence of excessive body mass tended to increase with age. Hypercholesterolemia was shown in 42.7% of the whole group and was particularly widespread in the oldest females (56.5%). Prevalence of low serum HDL-cholesterol levels (found in 13.4% of the whole group) tended to increase with age, on the borderline of statistical significance. The mean fasting glucose level was 5.0 ± 0.4 mmol/l and tended to increase with age. Impaired fasting glucose concerned 7.7% and 10.6% of females in age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 years respectively, and diabetes 4.4% of females 40-49 years old. Prevalence of arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the whole group was 10.4% and 7.3% respectively; prevalence of MS tended to increase with age, on the borderline of statistical significance. Conclusions. Overweight and obesity, especially of abdominal type, are prevalent in women at procreative age in Warsaw. Disturbances of lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as arterial hypertension and MS, are also frequent. Prevalence of many of them tended to increase with age. Some of the women exhibited diabetes.

Metabolic disorders in women at procreative age living in Warsaw

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2015;66(3):245-251 http://wydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl/roczniki_pzh/ ORIGINAL ARTICLE METABOLIC DISORDERS IN WOMEN AT PROCREATIVE AGE LIVING IN WARSAW Dorota Szostak-Węgierek1*, Anna Waśkiewicz2 Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw, Poland Institute of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland 1 2 ABSTRACT Background. Abnormal body mass and related metabolic disorders may affect female reproductive health. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of under- and overweight, and also related metabolic disorders, among women at procreative age in Warsaw. Materials and Methods. 164 non-pregnant women at procreative age (20-49 years) living in Warsaw, who in 2011-2012 participated in the WAW-KARD cross-sectional study of the Warsaw population, assigned to 3 age groups: 20-29 years (n=17), 30-39 years (n=78) and 40-49 years (n=69). Results. Under- and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity was found in respectively 1.2%, 25%, 12.2% and 37.2% of the participants. Prevalence of excessive body mass tended to increase with age. Hypercholesterolemia was shown in 42.7% of the whole group and was particularly widespread in the oldest females (56.5%). Prevalence of low serum HDL-cholesterol levels (found in 13.4% of the whole group) tended to increase with age, on the borderline of statistical significance. The mean fasting glucose level was 5.0 ± 0.4 mmol/l and tended to increase with age. Impaired fasting glucose concerned 7.7% and 10.6% of females in age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 years respectively, and diabetes 4.4% of females 40-49 years old. Prevalence of arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the whole group was 10.4% and 7.3% respectively; prevalence of MS tended to increase with age, on the borderline of statistical significance. Conclusions. Overweight and obesity, especially of abdominal type, are prevalent in women at procreative age in Warsaw. Disturbances of lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as arterial hypertension and MS, are also frequent. Prevalence of many of them tended to increase with age. Some of the women exhibited diabetes. Key words: females at procreative age, body mass, lipid disturbances, glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome STRESZCZENIE Wprowadzenie. Nieprawidłowa masa ciała kobiety i wiążące się z nią zaburzenia metaboliczne mogą niekorzystnie wpływać na zdrowie prokreacyjne. Cel. Zbadanie częstości występowania niedowagi i nadmiernej masy ciała, a także zaburzeń metabolicznych u kobiet w wieku rozrodczym mieszkających w Warszawie. Materiał i metody. 164 nieciężarne kobiety w wieku rozrodczym (20-49 lat) zamieszkałe w Warszawie, które w latach 2011-2012 wzięły udział w przekrojowym badaniu populacji Warszawy WAW-KARD, podzielone na 3 grupy wiekowe: 20-29 lat (n=17), 30-39 lat (n=78) oraz 40-49 lat (n=69). Wyniki. Niedowaga, nadwaga, otyłość i otyłość brzuszna dotyczyły odpowiednio 1,2%, 25%, 12,2% i 37,2% badanych. Występowanie nadmiernej masy ciała wykazywało tendencję wzrostową wraz z wiekiem. Hipercholesterolemia występowała u 42,7% ogółu kobiet i była szczególnie częsta w najstarszej grupie wiekowej (56,5%). Rozpowszechnienie niskich stężeń HDL-chol w surowicy (obecne u 13,4% ogółu badanych), wykazywało tendencję wzrostową wraz z wiekiem, na pograniczu znamienności statystycznej. Średnie stężenie glukozy na czczo wynosiło 5,0 ± 0,4 mmol/l i wykazywało tendencję wzrostową wraz z wiekiem. Nieprawidłowa glikemia na czczo występowała u 7,7% i 10,6% kobiet odpowiednio w wieku 30-39 i 40-49 lat, natomiast cukrzyca u 4,4% kobiet w wieku 40-49 lat. Występowanie nadciśnienia tętniczego i zespołu metabolicznego (ZM) w całej grupie wynosiło odpowiednio 10,4% i 7,3%, przy czym rozpowszechnienie ZM wykazywało tendencję wzrostową wraz z wiekiem, na pograniczu znamienności statystycznej. *Corresponding author: Dorota Szostak-Węgierek, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Zakład Żywienia Człowieka, ul. Erazma Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warszawa, Poland; phone: +48 22 836 09 13, e-mail: © Copyright by the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene 246 No 3 D. Szostak-Węgierek, A. Waśkiewicz Wnioski. Nadwaga i otyłość, zwłaszcza brzuszna, są częste u kobiet w wieku rozrodczym w Warszawie. Częste są również zaburzenia metabolizmu lipidów i glukozy, nadciśnienie tętnicze i zespół metaboliczny. Rozpowszechnienie wielu z tych zaburzeń wykazuje tendencję wzrostową wraz z wiekiem. U części kobiet stwierdzono już występowanie cukrzycy. Słowa kluczowe: kobiety w wieku rozrodczym, masa ciała, zaburzenia lipidowe, metabolizm glukozy, zespół metaboliczny INTRODUCTION Abnormal body mass in women and resulting metabolic disorders may adversely affect procreative health. Overweight and obesity may cause ovulatory disorders and thus lead to decreased chance of pregnancy [22]. Both deficient and excessive maternal body mass before pregnancy may result in abnormal foetal development. Underweight is associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) [12, 17], whereas overweight and obesity is linked to macrosomia [14]. Both these conditions may lead to many obstetric complications. They may also increase the likelihood of metabolic disorders in the child’s later adult life leading to type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases [21]. Macrosomia is a risk factor for obesity [14, 21]. It should be underlined that maternal overweight and obesity may be responsible for such conditions as gestational diabetes [25] and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy i.e. pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia [1, 5, 6] which often result in disturbances of foetal development. Gestational diabetes may lead to micro- or macrosomia in the child, whilst hypertensive disorders to IUGR. It is also worth noting that these aforementioned pregnancy complications are recognised risk factors for maternal cardiovascular diseases [16]. The study aim was to determine the rates of underweight and excessive body mass together with metabolic disorders in women at procreative age living in Warsaw. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 164 non-pregnant women of childbearing age (20-49 years) resident in Warsaw, who in 2011-12 took part in the Polish section of the European Health Examination Survey–Joint Action (EHES JA) and the Warsaw Population Health Status Study (WAW-KARD); the latter being a continuation of the EHES. Both projects were undertaken by the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion of the Institute of Cardiology for assessing health status of the Warsaw population. The studies included random representative samples of adult inhabitants of the city. The risk factor profile for lifestyle diseases was evaluated for each subject based on survey outcomes, laboratory tests (...truncated)


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D. Szostak-Wegierek, A. Waskiewicz. Metabolic disorders in women at procreative age living in Warsaw, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 2015, Volume 66, Issue 3,