A Novel Approach for an Interoperable Biometric Verification

Short Paper—A Novel Approach for an Interoperable Biometric Verification A Novel Approach for an Interoperable Biometric Verification https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i6.9528 Mohamed El Beqqal(*), Mostafa Azizi, Jean Louis Lanet University Mohamed First Oujda, Oujda, Morocco Abstract—Increasingly, safety is present in everyday life, at work, at home, in recreational environments, and in all places where there is a flow of people who share a common space. Using biometric fingerprint technique for identity verification has become a primordial due to the Reduced costs of implementation, maturity of this technology in the market and the ease of use. Many implementations exist using this technique , however, these systems are hard coupled with the environment in which they were developed and the hardware used to capture biometric data. Consequently, the interoperability issue is hard present in case of changing the environment or using new fingerprint reader. In this paper, we propose a new architecture to solve this problem by dividing the main biometric application to layers based on a flexible communication between components and supporting heterogeneous platforms and biometric readers. Keywords—Fingerprint, Authentication, SDK, Interoperability, Biometrics. 1 Introduction The fingerprint solutions represent the large part of the market for biometric processes. It is clearly the preferred solution for companies working in this field. The strength of this process is that the use of the fingerprint is generally easier to accept by the community and is one of the most effective and least expensive [1]. In spite of the large advantages offered by this biometric technique, many challenges remain an object of interest and field of study for researchers and companies such as the privacy aspect, the optimization of image enhancement algorithms and matching techniques. The technical solutions proposed by the companies including hardware and software allowing biometric recognition are largely diversified which result the existing of several biometric implementations that are strongly coupled to the architecture proposed by the supplier. Hence our proposal solves this interoperability problem. The paper is structured as follows: Section 2, we present the basic information concerning the biometric fingerprint from classification to most used characteristic points. After this, we give an overview of the prominent issues in this field and we present the state of art of some academic biometric fingerprint implementations in which we discuss the issues existing in these systems. In section 5, we present the proposed architecture of our implementation. More precisely, we explain the role and communication 124 http://www.i-jim.org Short Paper—A Novel Approach for an Interoperable Biometric Verification between each component’s layer. In section 6, we discuss the obtained results. Finally, we conclude the paper with a conclusion and future works. 2 Basics on biometric fingerprint A fingerprint is a drawing formed by the lines of the skin. It is found in different parts of the body. When we talk about fingerprints, we are referring to the lines of the skin of the fingers. This last are analyzed by a fingerprint reader to establish a numeric template. Several classifications of fingerprint exist in the research field. As mentioned in [2], among the most used ones, we found the three main categories (Arch, loop and whorl) as shown in figure 1. Other sub-categories was listed by author in [3] deriving from the Henry classification which provides five classes of fingerprints . Fig. 1. Fingerprint main categories In addition to the singular points (core and delta points) which allow the determination of type of fingerprint, the characteristic points better known under the name of minutiae constitute the base of the process of matching between two fingerprints. Both of this technical information are extracted based on image processing algorithms. A minutia is a point that is located on the change of continuity of the ridges lines. Among the most used characteristic points in the matching algorithms, we have the bifurcation ridges and ending ridges as indicated in [4]. Figure 2 shows the schema of these two minutiae. About fifteen of these minutiae are enough to identify someone, but the level of precision can go up to 100 points according to the security context. iJIM ‒ Vol. 12, No. 6, 2018 125 Short Paper—A Novel Approach for an Interoperable Biometric Verification Fig. 2. Bifurcation ridge and ending ridge in fingerprint 3 Issues The authentication using fingerprint technique has widely being used in various areas and domains including access control, attendance control and criminal investigation. However, despite of its large benefits, many concerns and challenges still being attracting more and more researchers aiming to implement a polyvalent identity verification system especially the interoperability, performance and security issues. Interoperability is considered as a crucial issue since many system implementations for biometric verification and identification exist using several software and SDK required by the specific scanners available in the market. Performance can also be a key factor while the number of available records in database is important and the processing time of identity verification should not exceed a specific lapse of time. RFID technology can be an optimal solution for fast identification since the comparison is done by the ID which ensure unique identity, whereas no security and authenticity are guaranteed since the RFID tag can be possessed by another person. 4 Related works Joseph Kalunga and Simon Tembo [5] have proposed a biometric fingerprint system for verification and vetting management. In this project, many features were modeled and implemented such as Criminal Vetting, Fingerprint enrolment,Criminal Investigation, Identity Verification. All these functionalities are implemented using specific System Development Kit (SDK) for U 4500 fingerprint reader using visual studio 2010 for implementing the backend verification functions. If we decide to use another reader which SDK provides only java interface, we will need to design new code for this application. In [6,7], authors present a biometric fingerprint system for access control in university context. The verification process of fingerprint is done after a successful enrollment of student in database. During the authentication step, the collected finger print is matched with all fingerprint templates stored in database which can be a time consuming operation in case of a large number university database records. Author in [6] answers this need by combining RFID technology with biometric fingerprint to quickly identify the concerned template based on the appropriate RFID tag. 126 http://www.i-jim.org Short Paper—A Novel Approach for an Interoperable Biometric Verification In [ (...truncated)