CHOSEN ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE BASIC MAP USING UAV IMAGERY

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B1, 2016 XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic CHOSEN ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE BASIC MAP USING UAV IMAGERY M. Kedzierskia , A. Fryskowskaa, D. Wierzbickia*, P. Nerc a Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Institute of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego st., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland (michal.kedzierski, anna.fryskowska, damian.wierzbicki, ) Commission ICWG I/Vb KEY WORDS: Photogrammetry, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Orthoimage, Geodesy, Mapping ABSTRACT: For several years there has been an increasing interest in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in acquiring image data from a low altitude. Considering the cost-effectiveness of the flight time of UAVs vs. conventional airplanes, the use of the former is advantageous when generating large scale accurate ortophotos. Through the development of UAV imagery, we can update largescale basic maps. These maps are cartographic products which are used for registration, economic, and strategic planning. On the basis of these maps other cartographic maps are produced, for example maps used building planning. The article presents an assessesment of the usefulness of orthophotos based on UAV imagery to upgrade the basic map. In the research a compact, nonmetric camera, mounted on a fixed wing powered by an electric motor was used. The tested area covered flat, agricultural and woodland terrains. The processing and analysis of orthorectification were carried out with the INPHO UASMaster programme. Due to the effect of UAV instability on low-altitude imagery, the use of non-metric digital cameras and the low-accuracy GPS-INS sensors, the geometry of images is visibly lower were compared to conventional digital aerial photos (large values of phi and kappa angles). Therefore, typically, low-altitude images require large along- and across-track direction overlap – usually above 70 %. As a result of the research orthoimages were obtained with a resolution of 0.06 meters and a horizontal accuracy of 0.10m. Digitized basic maps were used as the reference data. The accuracy of orthoimages vs. basic maps was estimated based on the study and on the available reference sources. As a result, it was found that the geometric accuracy and interpretative advantages of the final orthoimages allow the updating of basic maps. It is estimated that such an update of basic maps based on UAV imagery reduces processing time by approx. 40%. 1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a valuable source of the graphic data delivered from the low ceiling. The graphic data gained from a low ceiling are widely used in making the stock-taking of the power lines, surveillance, production of high-resolution orthophoto, and in 3D modelling of the building and cities. Thanks to delivering spatial and time high resolution of images, it is also possible to make current and exact map analysis ( Remondino et al., 2011, Saari et al., 2011, Nex and Remondino,2014; Kedzierski and Wierzbicki, 2015; Wischounig-Strucl and Rinner, 2015). In progress of the continuous development of the non-symmetrical digital cameras, miniaturization of the unmanned aerial vehicles, and automatization of making the orthophotos, the photogrammetry of the low ceiling becomes more widely used. Until now, the cadastral application has mainly used the tachymeter and the GNSS receivers. Thanks to the use of those instruments, it is possible to ensure high accuracy and performance in surveying the object points and lines. In contrast to the traditional research methods, until now, the photogrammetry analysis was used in adaptation and update of the maps for larger areas (Manyoky, et al., 2011). However, the traditional aerial photos have limited application in update of the large-scale maps, mainly due to high height of the flight what results in relatively low resolution of the image and high costs. Considering the profitability of making the map analysis and its accuracy for the hundred hectare areas, decidedly better solution seems to be the use of the low ceiling photogrammetry. Update of the detailed maps is a valuable source for many legal and business use, including the land management, realization of the land management plans, and also update of the cadastral maps. Now, in update of the maps, there can be observed growing interest in use of the low ceiling photogrammetry analysis (Mumbone et al., 2015). The research on use of the UAV in preparing the map adaptation has proved that these analyses are used mainly in update of the large-scale adaptations in the rural areas ( Eisenbeiss, 2011). A good example can be the area of Albania, where was carried the research on the update of the cadastral maps with the use of UAV for three main areas (Kelm, 2014): Rural mapping applications, Urban mapping applications and Peri-urban applications. For the test rural area, there was made an orthophoto and it was used for the update of the cadastral maps. On the basis of the carrier research, it was confirmed that the UAV technology has wide application in the update of the large-scale detailed and cadastral maps, because in a short time and low costs it delivers high-resolution photogrammetry adaptations. Moreover, the low ceiling photogrammetry adaptations are helpful in the evaluation of the actualness and accuracy of the cadastral maps (Cuningham, et al., 2011). The research described in this work evaluates the usefulness of UAV orthophotos in update of the cadastral maps. The article presents the methodology of performing the low ceiling photogrammetry raid in order to make high-resolution orthophoto map for the need of the detailed map update. There was examined the quality and accuracy of the resultative * Corresponding author – Damian Wierzbicki, , +48 22 6839692 This contribution has been peer-reviewed. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B1-873-2016 873 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B1, 2016 XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic orthophoto map and there was made an analysis of the possibility of using this map in an update of the large-scale detailed map prepared for the rural areas. On the test field, 16 signalized control points and 5 checkpoints were designed and measured with GPS RTK technique with 3 cm accuracy. The following section presents the UAV-platform and the camera used in the research. Section 3 describes bundle block adjustment orthorectification mosaicking processes and results. Section 4 describes the results of comparative analysis of UAV orthophoto and basic map. A discussion was undertaken and concluded in the last section of this paper. 3.2 Bundle Block Adjustment 2. UAV PLATFORM AND CAMERA The low altitude image data was acqu (...truncated)