Drinking Water Risk Management Plan: A Case Study in the Ore Processing Industry

safety Case Report Drinking Water Risk Management Plan: A Case Study in the Ore Processing Industry Arif Susanto 1,2,3, * , Purwanto Purwanto 1,4 , Edi K. Putro 3 and Fanny Yuliasari 3 1 2 3 4 * Doctorate Program in Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50241, Indonesia Study Program in Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Kebangsaan Bandung, Bandung 40263, Indonesia Safety Health and Environmental Department, Division of Concentrating, PT Freeport Indonesia, Tembagapura 50725, Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia Correspondence: Received: 4 June 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 23 August 2019



 Abstract: All of the water supply system development needs to be safe and meet health requirements. Due to the expansion of the ore processing industry, water supply providers are required to identify the risks that may arise from dangerous and hazardous events. The purpose of this study was to build a structured approach to drinking water risk management plans (RMPs). We used risk assessments with reference to the environmental management system, risk management, and the food safety management system. The results of the risk assessment show two critical control points (CCPs) of high risk: Dam (catchment) and pipe reticulation. Some CCPs were categorized as posing very high risks of hazardous events due to pathogen contamination, including the clean water tank, the disinfectant injector, and pipe reticulation. The RMPs recorded and identified various preventive measures that could be taken to reduce and eliminate the risks. Daily operational requirements can be implemented to prepare for these hazards and risks that have the potential to negatively affect the quality of the drinking water supplied to the workers. Risk assessments were conducted in two stages: Preventive measures and operational monitoring. The involvement of all departments and authority agencies was crucial to ensure the success in the development and review of the operational aspects of these RMPs. Keywords: drinking water; hazardous event; risk assessment; risk management plans (RMPs) 1. Introduction Indonesia has a national waste management policy under Article 19 of the Law Constitution Number 18 of 2008 [1], which was followed by the Circular Letter of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number SE.3/UM/RT/SET.1/2/20018, which prohibited the use of plastic packaging of drinking water in the mining work environment [2]. To implement these regulations, a suitable drinking water supply system [3] must be developed that meets the basic health requirements and can be consumed directly [4]. This development aims to expand and improve the physical (technical) and non-physical systems (institutional, management, finance, community roles, and law) together to enable the provision of safe drinking water to the public [3]. The provision of safe drinking water needs to meet physical, microbiological, chemical, and radioactive requirements [4,5], which provide the minimum required and additional parameter details. The minimum requirements involve drinking water quality obligations that must be followed Safety 2019, 5, 58; doi:10.3390/safety5030058 www.mdpi.com/journal/safety 2019, 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 11 Safety 2019, 5, 58 2 of 10 and adhered to by all operators. To maintain a high quality of drinking water for community consumption, supervision checks are performed. Internal supervision is conducted by providers to guarantee high this To includes sanitation water sampling, water quality and adhered to water by all quality; operators. maintain a high inspection, quality of drinking water for community testing, and analysis of laboratory testperformed. results, recommendations, and follow-up [3–5]. consumption, supervision checks are Internal supervision is conducted by providers to An effective method of consistently the safety of water drinking water iswater through thetesting, use of guarantee high water quality; this includesensuring sanitation inspection, sampling, quality comprehensive risk assessments andrecommendations, management as and theyfollow-up encompass all the important steps and analysis of laboratory test results, [3–5]. regarding water supply, water sources to the the consumers The World Health Organization An effective methodfrom of consistently ensuring safety of[5,6]. drinking water is through the use of (WHO) provides a risk-based consisting of several components to manage theregarding safety of comprehensive risk assessmentsframework and management as they encompass all the important steps drinking waterfrom [5], which the use of health-based targets (HBTs) to determine the level of water supply, water involves sources to the consumers [5,6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) contaminants within drinking water [4,7], use of water safety plans that include identification of provides a risk-based framework consisting of several components to manage the safety of drinking hazards control [6],targets process monitoring, and management water [5], and whichnecessary involves the use of measures health-based (HBTs) to determine thesystem level of contaminants implementation within drinking [8]. water [4,7], use of water safety plans that include identification of hazards and Risk assessments and management are a significant part ofmanagement water safety implementation plans (WSPs) and necessary control measures [6], process monitoring, and system [8].aim to minimize the contamination of water They include reduction or removal Risk assessments and management are asources. significant partalso of water safety plans (WSPs) and aim of to contaminated substances during storage, distribution, treatment of drinking water [5]. Hazard minimize the contamination of water sources. They also and include reduction or removal of contaminated identification and storage, risk assessment (HIRA) is the starting pointwater for these risk management plans substances during distribution, and treatment of drinking [5]. Hazard identification and (RMPs) [6,7]. The main is component is point a rating used to determine the(RMPs) supply[6,7]. chainThe thatmain can risk assessment (HIRA) the starting for system these risk management plans produce quality water that meets HBTs and identify measures to control the identified risks and component is a rating system used to determine the supply chain that can produce quality water that ensure that HBTs are met. RMPs can also be for planning supervision describing meets HBTs and identify measures to control theused identified risks and ensure thatby HBTs are met.crucial RMPs actions needfor to be taken during normal orcrucial emergency (abnormal) can alsothat be used planning supervision byoperation describing actions tha (...truncated)