Dietary considerations in the evaluation and management of nocturia [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

F1000Research 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 Last updated: 31 MAR 2022 REVIEW Dietary considerations in the evaluation and management of nocturia [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] Upeksha S Alwis 1, Thomas F Monaghan 2, Rebecca Haddad3,4, Jeffrey P Weiss2, Saskia Roggeman 1, Erik Van Laecke1, Johan Vande Walle Alan J Wein6, Karel Everaert 1 5, 1Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium 2Department of Urology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA 3Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, GRC 01, Groupe de Recherche Clinique en Neuro-Urologie (GREEN), Service de Rééducation Neurologique, AP-HP, Paris, France 4Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium 5Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium 6Department of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA v1 First published: 05 Mar 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21466.1 Open Peer Review Latest published: 05 Mar 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21466.1 Approval Status 1 Abstract Aim: This narrative review investigates the effect of dietary intake on nocturnal voiding severity. The primary aims of this review are to provide a framework for future research and ultimately contribute to more comprehensive, lifestyle-centered guidelines for the management of nocturia. Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “nocturia”, “diuresis”, “natriuresis”, “food”, “diet”, and “nutrients”. Results: High fruit and vegetable consumption was negatively associated with nocturia. High intake of tea and dietary sodium showed a positive association with nocturia. Several foods have also been directly linked to changes in diuresis rate, glycemic control, and endogenous serum melatonin concentration, offering potential mechanisms for this observed effect. Overall quality of the evidence was low. Conclusion: At present, there is limited evidence to suggest that certain foods, electrolytes, and specific compounds may contribute to the pathogenesis of nocturia. A greater understanding of the impact of food and nutrients on body fluid metabolism is needed to further refine the evaluation and treatment of nocturia. Keywords Nocturia, Food, Diet, Nutrients 2 version 1 05 Mar 2020 Faculty Reviews are review articles written by the prestigious Members of Faculty Opinions. The articles are commissioned and peer reviewed before publication to ensure that the final, published version is comprehensive and accessible. The reviewers who approved the final version are listed with their names and affiliations. 1. Vera H Koch, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil 2. Salvator Arlandis, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain Any comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 8 F1000Research 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 Last updated: 31 MAR 2022 Corresponding author: Upeksha S Alwis () Author roles: Alwis US: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing; Monaghan TF: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Haddad R: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Weiss JP: Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Roggeman S: Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Van Laecke E: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Vande Walle J: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Wein AJ: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing; Everaert K : Conceptualization, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests: Dr. Wein has served as an advisor/consultant for Avadel, GTX, Acquinox, Urovant, Medtronic, and Serenity within the last three years, outside the submitted work. Dr. Weiss is a consultant for Ferring, and the Institute for Bladder and Prostate Research, outside the submitted work. Dr. Everaert is a consultant and lecturer for Medtronic and Ferring and reports institutional grants from Allergan, Ferring, Astellas, and Medtronic, outside the submitted work. Dr Vande Walle reports institutional grants from Allergan, Astellas, and Ferring, and is a consultant and lecturer for Ferring and Astellas, outside the submitted work. Dr. Roggeman reports grants from Dr. Frederik Paulsen Chair, UGent-Ferring. Dr. Haddad reports personal fees and non-financial support from Astellas, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharma SAS, Dentsply Sirona France, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Allergan France, Bayer HealthCare SAS and Vifor France SA, outside the submitted work. The other authors have nothing to disclose. Grant information: We acknowledge the financial support from the Frederik Paulson Chair, Ghent University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2020 Alwis US et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite this article: Alwis US, Monaghan TF, Haddad R et al. Dietary considerations in the evaluation and management of nocturia [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] F1000Research 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21466.1 First published: 05 Mar 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21466.1 Page 2 of 8 F1000Research 2020, 9(F1000 Faculty Rev):165 Last updated: 31 MAR 2022 Introduction Nocturia, defined as the act of waking to void during the hours of intended sleep, is among the most common and bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs)1. Although the prevalence of nocturia increases with age2, nocturia is a common complaint among both men and women of all ages and backgrounds3. Nocturia is associated with an increased mortality rate and morbidity, owing largely to its direct negative impact on sleep architecture and daytime function and its role as an independent risk factor for falls and hip fractures in the elderly2. Reducing fluid intake and caffeine and alcohol intake and improving sleep hygiene are involved in lifestyle modification in nocturia management2,4. In cases of nocturia refractory to conservative measures, the management of nocturia centers on a broad range of pharmacologic therapies, including antimuscarinics in the setting of concomitant overactive bladder (OAB), α-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), medication for improving sleep (for (...truncated)