Sample size needed to make decisions about measuring FEC in a contemporary group of lambs

Agrociencia Uruguay, Jan 2020

Faecal egg count (fec) is used in sheep to decide when to drench. It is also used in genetic evaluations, in which case fec should be recorded when the parasite burden is large enough so that variation among animals can be expressed. Another requisite is that the fraction of animals with zero fec should be below 0.1. In order to decide the appropriate moment for drenching, or fec recording in the whole group in the case of genetic evaluations, fec is monitored in a random sample of animals from the group. Two questions arise: (i) what is the appropriate sample size to determine if the average fec has reached a threshold? and (ii) what is the sample size needed to determine that the fraction of animals with a fec of zero is 0.1 or less? In this paper we calculate the number of animals to be sampled for a range of fec means and standard deviations, as well as for different fractions of animals with a zero fec. Regarding fec, we found that sample size was greater than the recommended 10 to 20 animals. With respect to fraction of animals with a fec of zero, sample size was even greater than for fec. Given the insufficient sample size currently used, we recommend a revision of the topic and a statistically based reformulation of sampling guidelines.Keywords : faecal worm egg count; parasite burden; sampling; sheep.

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Sample size needed to make decisions about measuring FEC in a contemporary group of lambs

Bell W, Sánchez AL, Ponzoni RW Sample size needed to make decisions about measuring FEC in a contemporary Editor Gabriel Ciappesoni Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay. Correspondence Washington Bell, Received 20 Jun 2017 Accepted 16 Apr 2020 Published 09 Jul 2020 Citation Bell W, Sánchez AL, Ponzoni RW. Sample size needed to make decisions about measuring FEC in a contemporary group of lambs. Agrociencia Uruguay [Internet]. 2020 [cited dd mmm yyyy];24(2):206. Available from: http://agrocienciauruguay. uy/ojs/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/206 group of lambs Tamaño necesario de muestra para tomar decisiones acerca de la medición de HPG en un grupo contemporáneo de corderos Tamanho de amostra necessário para tomar decisões sobre a medição de OPG em um grupo contemporâneo de cordeiros doi: 10.31285/AGRO.24.206 Bell, W. 1; Sánchez, A.L. 1; Ponzoni, R.W. 2 1Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía, Colegio de Posgrados, Montevideo, Uruguay. Abstract Faecal egg count (FEC) is used in sheep to decide when to drench. It is also used in genetic evaluations, in which case FEC should be recorded when the parasite burden is large enough so that variation among animals can be expressed. Another requisite is that the fraction of animals with zero FEC should be below 0.1. In order to decide the appropriate moment for drenching, or FEC recording in the whole group in the case of genetic evaluations, FEC is monitored in a random sample of animals from the group. Two questions arise: (i) what is the appropriate sample size to determine if the average FEC has reached a threshold? and (ii) what is the sample size needed 1 Sample size for FEC recording to determine that the fraction of animals with a FEC of zero is 0.1 or less? In this paper we calculate the number of animals to be sampled for a range of FEC means and standard deviations, as well as for different fractions of animals with a zero FEC. Regarding FEC, we found that sample size was greater than the recommended 10 to 20 animals. With respect to fraction of animals with a FEC of zero, sample size was even greater than for FEC. Given the insufficient sample size currently used, we recommend a revision of the topic and a statistically based reformulation of sampling guidelines. Keywords: faecal worm egg count, parasite burden, sampling, sheep Resumen El conteo de huevos por gramo (HPG) en las heces de ovinos se utiliza para decidir cuándo suministrar un antihelmíntico. También se usa en las evaluaciones genéticas, en cuyo caso el registro de HPG debe hacerse cuando exista una carga parasitaria suficiente que permita la expresión de variación entre animales. Se busca también que la fracción de animales con registro de HPG de cero sea inferior a 0,1. A efectos de determinar el momento apropiado para dosificar, o de medición de HPG en todo el grupo en caso de las evaluaciones genéticas, se hace un seguimiento midiendo HPG en una muestra tomada al azar. Surgen dos preguntas: (i) ¿cuál es el tamaño adecuado de muestra para determinar si el promedio alcanzó el umbral de HPG? y (ii) ¿cuál es el tamaño necesario de muestra para determinar que la fracción de animales con un conteo de cero es igual o inferior a 0,1? En este trabajo calculamos el número necesario de muestras para un rango de medias y desvíos estándar de HPG, y de fracción de animales con conteo de cero. Para HPG encontramos que el tamaño necesario de muestra es mayor a los 10 a 20 animales que se recomienda. Para la fracción de animales con conteo de cero HPG el tamaño de muestra requerido es aún mayor. Dado lo insuficiente del tamaño de muestra actualmente utilizado recomendamos que el tema se revise y se reformulen los lineamientos de muestreo basándose en criterios estadísticos. Palabras clave: huevos por gramo en heces, carga parasitaria, muestreo, ovinos Resumo A contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) nas fezes de ovinos é usada para decidir quando fornecer um antihelmíntico. Também é utilizada em avaliações genéticas, quando o registro do OPG deve ser realizado quando houver uma carga parasitária suficiente para permitir a expressão de variação entre os animais. Outro requisito é que a fração de animais com OPG zero seja inferior a 0,1. Para determinar o momento apropriado para a dosagem ou para medir o OPG em todo o grupo no caso de avaliações genéticas, o OPG é medido em uma amostra colhida aleatoriamente. Duas perguntas surgem: (i) qual é o tamanho de amostra apropriado para determinar se a média atingiu o limite de OPG? e (ii) qual é o tamanho da amostra necessário para determinar que a fração de animais com contagem zero é igual ou menor que 0,1? Neste trabalho, calculamos o número necessário de amostras para uma quantidade de médias e desvios-padrão do OPG e de fração de animais com contagem zero. Para o OPG, descobrimos que o tamanho da amostra necessário é maior que os 10 a 20 animais recomendados. Para a fração de animais com contagem zero de OPG, o tamanho da amostra necessário é ainda maior. Dado o tamanho insuficiente da amostra usada atualmente, recomendamos que o tópico seja revisado e que as diretrizes de amostragem sejam reformuladas com base em critérios estatísticos. Palavras-chave: ovos por grama nas fezes, carga parasitária, amostragem, ovinos 2 Bell W, Sánchez AL, Ponzoni RW 1. Introduction In this paper we present a logical framework (theory and examples) to work out the sample size of monitored animals in order to decide when to drench or when to record FEC in the whole contemporary group. The treatment of the subject matter follows the methodology given in statistical textbooks such as Freund(9), Ott and Longnecker(10), and Snedecor and Cochran(11). Faecal egg count (FEC) is used in sheep as a management tool to decide when to drench in order to reduce the parasite burden(1). It is also used in sheep genetic evaluations, where selection for low FEC is the aim(2). In the latter case, FEC recording should be carried out when the parasite burden is large enough to allow the expression of between animal variation. National and international protocols suggest drenching or recording the whole group when a FEC range of 500 to 1000 is reached. It is also sought that the fraction of animals with a FEC of zero should be less than 0.1(3)(4). In order to decide when to drench, or to record FEC in the whole contemporary group in the case of genetic evaluations, a random sample of animals is monitored for FEC. Two questions arise: (i) what is the necessary sample size to determine if average FEC reached a value of 500 or 1000? and (ii) what is the necessary sample size to determine that the fraction of animals with FEC equal to zero is less than or equal to 0.1? 2. General considerations There are two main considerations we should make when determining the necessa (...truncated)


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W. Bell, A. L. Sánchez, R. W. Ponzoni. Sample size needed to make decisions about measuring FEC in a contemporary group of lambs, Agrociencia Uruguay, 2020, Volume 24, Issue 2, DOI: 10.31285/agro.24.206