THEORY AND PRACTICE OF STUDYING THE COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES I. BABEL "KONARMIA

IJASOS- International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Vol. VII, Issue 19, April 2021 THEORY AND PRACTICE OF STUDYING THE COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES: I. BABEL "KONARMIA" IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS Irina Ivanova1*, Olga Evdokimova2, Larisa Lyapaeva3 Nataliia Obzhogina4, Lyudmila Sarbash5, Svetlana Fedyay6 1 Chuvash State University, RUSSIA, Chuvash State University, RUSSIA, 3 Chuvash State University, RUSSIA, 4 Sen. Lect., Chuvash State University, RUSSIA, 5 Chuvash State University, RUSSIA, 6 Chuvash State University, RUSSIA, *Corresponding Author 2 Abstract The article is devoted to the study of the collection of short stories by I. Babel "Konarmiya", addressed to the events of the distant past-the revolution and the civil war in Russia in 1917-1922. The collection consists of 36 stories, each of which has its own plot and plot basis. The theoretical aspect of studying this literary phenomenon is connected with the need to take into account the super-genre nature of the author's collected collection. The practical aspect is related to the definition of methods and techniques for analyzing the work, determined by the competence approach. The relevance of the research is related to the identification of such structures of the collection, which indicate the artistic unity and integrity of this education. The architectonic discourse allowed us to examine the units of the collection in terms of the role of stories that are in a strong position of the text - the beginning and the end. Analysis of the motivic structure revealed the presence of binary oppositions (life/death, light/darkness, longing/happiness, love/hate), Keywords: Educational process, competencies, methods and techniques, I. Babel, architectonic discourse, motivic structure. 1. INTODUCTION In the educational process of philological orientation a special role is given to the study of works, the genre nature of which is determined by belonging to various forms of cyclic formations. The focus of our attention is the collection of short stories by I. Babel (1894 -1941) "Konarmiya," created from diary entries kept by the future writer when he served as a correspondent in the First Cavalry Army under the pseudonym K. Lyutov. The collection of short stories "Konarmiya" (1925) was supposed to consist of 50 stories, but 36 were published, and the last story "Kiss" was written and included in the collection later. Immediately, Babel's work was at the epicenter of literary disputes: commander C. Budenny, who believed that the writer had distorted reality, could not accept the publication of the collection. The writer was defended by M. Gorky and A. Voronsky, believing that the author has the right to his own look and assessment of events. However, literary scholars today consider Babel's collection of short stories "Konarmiya" a complex and controversial book (Belaya, 1989; Pole, 1986). Characterizing the work of Babel, researchers rightly note the special role of the narrator Lyutov, as well as the principles of mosaic and contrast as leading (Skorospelova, 2007; Bystrova, 2009). The relevance of this article is determined primarily by the fact that the architectonic discourse was not the object of the research practice of literary critics. However, it is in it that the main semantic spectra of the interpretation values of works of this type are laid. The goal of the research undertaken is to reveal the http://ijasos.ocerintjournals.org 74 IJASOS- International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Vol. VII, Issue 19, April 2021 role and function of dominant stories that are in a strong position in the composition of the entire education, to identify the motive basis that gravitates to binarity, to reveal the semantic range of architectonic discourse. 2. METHODOLOGY The methodological basis of this article is research of a historical, literary and theoretical nature, studying the features of the formation and functioning of cyclic structures, which include the collection of stories by Babel "Conarmia." The paradigm of this study is determined by comparative and systemic approaches that allow you to update a particular element of the work (motif, symbol, image), revealing its role and place in the structure of the entire collection. These problems are understood on a variety of material in the works of researchers (Gay, 1987; Landor, 1982; Leyderman, 1982). The most universal understanding of the specifics of the structure of the collection is associated with the isolation of architectonic discourse, which deeply penetrates the author's logic of arranging the stories of the collection in a certain sequence (Landor, 1982; Leiderman, 1982). That is why we turn to his analysis. Extremely important for this interpretive approach is the appeal to the theory of binarity, according to which all relations within the system are characterized by interaction of opposites. It is in this direction that the thought of J. Lotman moves, believing that "the binary system is deployed into a variety of sets of a polystructural type" (Lotman, 2002). 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Babel's work "Konarmiya" occupies a special place in the literary process of the 20s of the XX century. During this period, there were such works as "Don stories" by M. Sholokhov, "a Dozen knives in the back of the revolution" by A. Averchenko, novels by A. Fadeev "Rout", M. Bulgakov "White guard", stories and novellas by B. Pilnyak, B. Lavrenev, K. Trenev, Vs.Ivanov, and many others that recreate the picture of the civil war in Russia, which was interpreted as a great tragedy (Evdokimova, Ivanova and others, 2020). Babel in his creative quest tended to create collections ("Konarmiya", "Odessa stories", "The story of my dovecote") and short stories. the collection "Konarmiya" is addressed not only to the creation of sociohistorical reality, but also to the ethical side, which appears in the works of subtext. The collection combines the tragic and the ironic, the scary and the funny, the cruel and the compassionate. Babel showed the contradictions of the era, revealed man as an element that is captured by revenge, cruelty, indifference, hatred, arising from the realization of the power of power. The story that opens the collection ("Crossing the Zbruch"), and the final story ("Kiss») they form a kind of unity, the so-called ring, saturated with leitmotives of various levels. It is these motives that will unfold in other stories of "Konarmiya". Both stories are based on the motive of chance, but it is in the last story that chance becomes fateful for the characters who begin to dream of the future, of a new life and of happiness. For the story "Crossing the Zbruch" binary motives are important – life/death, parents/children, light/darkness, sun/moon, beauty/ugliness. The final story "the Kiss" is characterized by a repetition of the same motives, although the plot – plot basis, eventfulness are of a different nature, and the story itself is not (...truncated)