In vitro evaluation of the nematicide activity of the liquid fermentation of Purpureocillium sp. UdeA 0106 strain on pineapple and flower soils

Agrociencia Uruguay 2020 | Volume 24 | Number NE2 | Article 382 DOI: 10.31285/AGRO.24.382 ISSN 2301-1548 X Encuentro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Biotecnología Agropecuaria XII Simposio REDBIO Argentina Evaluación in vitro de la actividad nematicida de la fermentación líquida de Purpureocillium sp. cepa UdeA 0106 en suelos de piña y flores Editor Editor Marisa López-Bilbao Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina Juan Izquierdo Academia Chilena de Ciencias Agronómicas, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Correspondence Nadya Lorena Cardona, nadya.cardona @udea.edu.co Received 28 May 2020 Accepted 1 Jul 2020 Published 17 Dec 2020 Citation Cardona NL, Hernández DM, Hoyos LA, Medina JD. In vitro evaluation of the nematicide activity of the liquid fermentation of Purpureocillium sp. UdeA 0106 strain on pineapple and flower soils . Agrociencia Uruguay [Internet]. 2020 [cited dd mmm yyyy];24(NE2):382. Available from: http://agrocienciauruguay. uy/ojs/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/382. In vitro evaluation of the nematicide activity of the liquid fermentation of Purpureocillium sp. UdeA 0106 strain on pineapple and flower soils Avaliação in vitro da actividade nematicida da fermentação líquida da estirpe de Purpureocillium sp. UdeA 0106 em solos de ananás e flores Cardona, N. L. 1; Hernández, D. M. 1; Hoyos, L. A. 1; Medina, J. D. 2 1Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, FITOBIOL (Fitopatología y biotecnología de Hongos), Medellín, Colombia. 2Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Unidad de fitosanidad y Control Biológico, Medellín, Colombia. Evaluation of the liquid fermentation of Purpureocillium sp. UdeA 0106 Abstract Colombia is recognized as an important agricultural producer of pineapple and flowers. One of the most significant phytosanitary problems of these crops is pathogenic nematodes and it is necessary to find biocontrol alternatives for their management. This study evaluated the effect of Purpureocillium sp., strain UdeA0106, over the number of nematodes. Soil from pineapple and flower crops was collected on expanded polystyrene containers and suspension of the fungi was multiplied in a bioreactor (1x108 conidia/mL), then homogenized and finally applied. The control consisted of the containers with soil and sterile distilled water (SDW) and 4 to 6 repetitions were evaluated on each crop. The number of individuals of each genus on 100g of soil was analyzed using R studio®, Kruskal-Wallis, and van der Waals tests were applied to evaluate significant differences between strain and control (P=0.05). The results showed that the strain did not affect the saprophytic nematodes but decreased the number of Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., and Tylenchus spp; no biocontrollers had been reported before for the last two genera. Keywords: biocontrol, biocontroller fungi, Purpureocillium spp., pineapple, flowers Resumen Colombia es reconocida como un importante productor agrícola de piña y flores. Uno de los problemas fitosanitarios más importantes de estos cultivos son los nematodos patógenos y es necesario encontrar alternativas de biocontrol para su manejo. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de Purpureocillium sp., Cepa UdeA0106 sobre poblaciones de nematodos fitopatógenos. Suelos de cultivos de piña y flores se colectaron en contenedores de poliestireno expandido y la suspensión del hongo se multiplicó en un biorreactor (1x108conidias/mL), se homogeneizó y luego se aplicó; para los controles se utilizó agua destilada esterilizada (DEW) y se evaluaron 4 a 6 repeticiones para cada cultivo. Se evalúo el número de individuos de cada género en 100 g de suelo, y mediante R studio®, se aplicaron las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y van der Waals para evaluar diferencias significativas entre la cepa y el control (P = 0,05). Los resultados mostraron que la cepa no afectó a los nematodos saprófitos, pero disminuyó el número de Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp. y Tylenchus spp. Para estos últimos géneros, no se habían reportado hongos biocontroladores. Palabras clave: biocontrol, hongos biocontroladores, Purpureocillium sp., piña, flores Resumo A Colômbia é reconhecida como um importante produtor agrícola de ananás e flores. Um dos problemas fitossanitários mais importantes destas culturas são os nematódeos patogénicos e é necessário encontrar alternativas de biocontrolo para a sua gestão. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do Purpureocillium sp., Cepa UdeA0106 nas populações de nematódeos fitopatogénicos. Os solos das culturas de ananás e flores foram recolhidos em recipientes de poliestireno expandido e a suspensão do fungo foi multiplicada num bioreactor (1x108conidia / mL), homogeneizado e depois aplicado; água destilada estéril (DEW) foi utilizada para os controlos e 4 a 6 réplicas foram avaliadas para cada cultura. O número de indivíduos de cada género em 100 g de solo foi avaliado, e utilizando os testes R study®, Kruskal-Wallis e van der Waals foram aplicados para avaliar diferenças significativas entre a estirpe e o controlo (P = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que a estirpe não afectou os nemátodos saprófitos, mas diminuiu o número de Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp. e Tylenchus spp. Para estes últimos géneros, não tinha sido relatado nenhum fungo biocontrol. Palavras-chave: biocontrol, fungos biocontrol, Purpureocillium sp., abacaxi, flores 2 Agrociencia Uruguay 2020;24(NE2) Cardona NL, Hernández DM, Hoyos LA, Medina JD 1. Introduction In Colombia, pineapple and flower crops play a significant role in the economy. In the first case, there are 17 departments that cultivated 25,764 hectares, with an average production of 30 ton/ha and with exports in 2017 of USD 31.1 million(1). It is important to mention that 66% of the cut flowers that are exported come from the department of Cundinamarca, 32% from Antioquia, and the western center (Tolima, Bogotá, Boyacá, etc.) contributes with a 2%. According to ProColombia, this industry generated about USD 1,463 million in 2018, and for each cultivated hectare, 17 direct and indirect jobs in 60 Colombian municipalities were created. It has a business network of more than 400 companies. On the other hand, according to Asocolflores(2), floriculture in Colombia generates more than 140 thousand formal jobs, from which about 65% of the workers in the sector are head-of-household mothers, and 40% of exports are certified "Florverde Sustainable Flowers". Pineapple and flower crops are susceptible to various pests and diseases that limit their production, such is the case of the damage caused by phytoparasitic nematodes, hindering in most producing areas of the world(3). There are 4,105 known species of phytoparasitic nematodes, which generate annual losses between 11 and 14%, equivalent to USD 80 billion per year(4). Granulated organophosphates and liquid pyrethroids are used for their control; however, t (...truncated)