Influence of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) on Blood Parameters, Kidney, Liver and Mammary Gland Function for Parturited Aissi Ewes.

Al Qadisiay Journal for Agriculture Sciences No / 1 Vol / 4 2014 Influence of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) on Blood Parameters, Kidney, Liver and Mammary Gland Function for Parturited Aissi Ewes. Waleed Mohammad Hassan Technical Institute-Shattra Abstract The fenugreek seeds in diet of parturited Aissi sheep (2-3 years age) are studied to determine their influence on blood parameters, liver, kidney, and mammary gland functions .Twelve experimental treatments are carried out, control group (T1) is fed diet, composed of barely 50% wheat bran 25%, wheat flour 15% molasses 5%, urea 2% lima stone 1%, common salts 1% and nutrition complement 1%. Second group (T2) is fed as (T1) ration with 10gm fenugreek / head / day. Third group (T3) is feeds as (T1) in addition to 20gm fenugreek head / day. The results indicated that RBCs, WBCs and Hb conc. values are significantly (P<0.05) higher in (T2) and (T3) than control group (T1). No significant differences among treatments are found in PCV and MCV. Total protein, albumin and globulin are significantly (P<0.05) effected by adding fenugreek in (T2) and (T3) comparing with control group (T1). The results also show that glucose and cholesterol in (T2) and (T3) decrease significantly (P<0.05) as compared with control group (T1). No significant difference among treatments are found in all AST, ALT enzymes, urea and creatinine. (T2) and (T3) recorded the best values milk quantity during sucking periods comparing with those control group (T1). .From previous results, it could be concluded that fenugreek seeds should be used as milk yield increasing agent. Key words : Fenugreek seeds , Blood parameters, kidney, Liver and Mammary gland , Aissi ewes Introduction Identification of plant (fenugreek) know what there is in fenugreek they The fenugreek is a small annual would buy its weight in gold, reports legumin herb belonging to the family list fenugreek as crops grown to feed fabceae, of genus, trigonella, cattle (Danie et al., 2000). scientific name trigonella foenum Description of plant (fenugreek) graecum. Some of common name Fenugreek is a native to India and include greek – hay, mehti, birds Southern Europe, it has grown in foot and greek – clover. Trigonella India, Mediterranean, North Africa foenum graecum (fenugreek) have and China Fenugreek producing been recovered from tell-halal-Iraq countries are India, lran, Pakistan, (dating to 4000 B C) as well as Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, Spain, desiccated seeds from the tomb of France and China (Parthasarathy et tutankamen. The prophet al., 2008). The plant grows up to Mohammed (‫ (ص‬highly valued about 1-2 feet in height, with light fenugreek, he remarked, if people green color, tri-foliate leaves and 1 Al Qadisiay Journal for Agriculture Sciences No / 1 Vol / 4 2014 white flowers, it bears long slender, table (1). Fenugreek seeds are also a yellow brown pods containing about rich source of phytochemical 10-20 golden yellow color seeds, its compounds such as the non-starch seeds are small, hard, yellowish polysaccharide galactomannan, brown, angular and resemble multi alkolids (cholin and trigonelline ), faced stones (Thiruvelan, 2010). steroid saponins (diosgenin, Fenugreek leaves per100gm contain yamogenin, tigogenin and carbohydrates 6.0g, protein 4.4gm, neotogenins), mucilage, pectin, fat 0.9gm, minerals 1.5gm, hemicelluloses, tannin and volatile calcium395mg, phosphors 51mg, oil all these compounds are the lron 1.93mg and total energy 49 kcal major fiber contents in seeds, these (Gopalan et al., 2005). Fenugreek compounds account of medicinal seed is an excellent source of properties (Madar and Thorne, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, 1987). electrolytes, minerals as describe in Table (1) Nutritional value of fenugreek seeds per 100g. Principle Energy Carbohydrates Protein Total fat Cholesterol Dietary fiber Nutrient value 323 kcal 58.35 g 23g 6.41 g 0 mg 24.6 g Vitamins Folates 57µg Niacin 1.640 mg Pyridoxine 0.600 mg Riboflavin 0.366 mg Thiamin 0.322 mg Vitamin A 60 IU Vitamin C 3 mg Electrolytes Sodium 67 mg Potassium 770 mg Minerals Calcium 176 mg Copper 1.110 mg Iron 33.53 mg Magnesium 191 mg Manganese 1.228 mg Phosphorus 296 mg Selenium 6.3 µ g Zinc 2.50 mg (Source: USDA National Nutrient data base) 2 Percentage of RDA 16% 45% 41% 21% 0% 65% 14% 7% 46% 28% 27% 2% 5% 4.5% 16% 18% 123% 419% 48% 53% 42% 11% 23% Al Qadisiay Journal for Agriculture Sciences No / 1 Vol / 4 2014 Medicinal uses of plant (fenugreek) coronary disease and so no plaque It has long been used in traditional formation in arteries due to its medicine of India as topical antioxidant property (Brdia et al., treatment of skin problems such as 1997) and (Dixit et al., 2005) abscesses, boils, burns, pimples, rash, eczema, gout and helpful in Availability remove of dandruff and face black Fenugreek is often available as seeds heads and dryness, fenugreek is powder, a spice, tincture, herbal tea enhancing feminine beauty, thinking bags, mixed with milk, juice or process due to cholin compound, boiled water, added to bread, cereals slow aging and substance swelling, or filled to gelatin capsule (Bakhru, muscle aches, arthritis, gout pain and 2001). reduce fever (Madar and Thorne, Safety and dosage 1987). It has been used to treat Fenugreek is generally safe when bronchitis, asthma, sore throat and used moderately, but nausea, controlling bad breath due to digestive discomfort and skin accumulation of toxins in oral irritations may occurred (Wichtl and passed, it has ability to prevent Bisset, 1994). It has used in breast and colon cancer due to block pregnancy is not recommended, actions of certain enzymes, sluggish since it has the potential to induce liver,flatulence, dysentery,diarrhea, labor (Ody, 1999), dosage may be dyspepsia, laxative and acid reflux with rang 10_30 gm. seeds powder (Barkhru, 2002). Mucilage each day .The purpose of this study compound helps soothe is to determine the effect of gastrointestinal inflammation by fenugreek seeds on body coating of mucus membrane of the metabolism, since there is no stomach and intestine and prevent researches in the world to ulceration (Pandian et al., 2002). Investigated the effects of fenugreek Due to its estrogenic like properties on animal’s production. by diosgenin compound, it has used to treatment of reproductive Material and Methods: disorder, to induce lobar and This study is conducted in the Akad childbirth by stimulates of uterine agricultural secondary school – contraction, lessen not flashes and animal department –shattra -45km mood fluctuation (Jhon, 2011). It has north of Nasiriya city, to evaluate the ability to balance hormonal levels effect of fenugreek seeds powder on aids in treatment menopause, and blood parameters, kidney, liver and increase libido (Amanda, 2011). mammary gland function for Fenugreek steroids may decrease the parturited Aissi ewes. Twelve sperm shape abnormalities, improve animals are purchased from loca (...truncated)