Peculiarities of ferrates(VI) synthesis from ferrous sulfate
455612345676489*+,-.
455617/05714681,2+,3.
3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
456789:;<767=5::8<4>?@4:ABC5B:;D;E78B9
!"!!" #$
#$#%&''#$()$)'(&*+,&--+(#.% !&)*$ /0,+(+1&/&*+%!!&
2!3!4565785!"!9!2!4565785#!
!:;<=>?@<AB>CDEFEGHHAD>E@G<DHI>JKHCAL>M>JNLAHAOKEFEGHHPAQRSTAUSQVBSUPAWD>X@EX>N@ELJKPAS;YZ[\ZA
];<=>?@<A
ZD<FHNHI>JKE^ACH_HHAHACH_HI>JKE^AN>CDEFEGHHAXHM>L`CA?Ea<LEKAHAKEJ_>NHI>JKHCAJ@>?JNLPAQRSTAUSQVBSUPA
WD
>
X
@
E
X
>
N@
ELJKPAS;YZ[\ZA
bcdefg
hiAjkhklmknoefghpqrA
A
3ss5t3u9vA[JJF>?EL<D`AEJEa>DDEJNHAXEFwI>DHxA=>@@<NELyz{|AM>FEID`CAHAM>FEIDE}>_>F~D`CA_>N<FFELAH}AJwF~=<N<A
>F>}<y{{|AGHXECFE@HND`_AJXEJEaE_pA[}wI>DEALFHxDH>AD>KENE@`CA=<KNE@ELAyKED>DN@<H^A\ AHAh dHEDELPA
N>_X>@<Nw@`PA_EF~DEGEAJEENDE >DHxAh cy{{||AD<AL`CE?A>F>LEGEAX@E?wKN<pASJN<DELF>DEPAINEAJA@EJNE_A
N>_X>@<Nw@`AL`CE?A=>@@<NELyz{|Aw_>D~ <>NJxPAXEONE_wAJHDN>}A@>KE_>D?EL<DEAX@ELE?HN~ALAEaF<JNHADH}KHCA
N>_X>@<Nw@pAR`xLF>DEPAINEAJN>X>D~AX@>L@<M>DHxAJEF>^Acy{{|ALAcyz{|A@<JN>NALA@x?wAc Ach Acy|pA
SJN<DELF>DEPAINEAI<JN~A>F>}<y{{|AX>@>CE]?HNALA_<GD>NHNpAEK<}<DEPAINEAX@HAXEFwI>DHHANL>@?A`CA]c]APAfcA]HA
fcAEDHA}<G@x}DxNJxA<DHED<_HA pA@>?FE>D`AN>CDEFEGHI>JKH>A@> >DHxA?FxAwL>FHI>DHxAO==>KNHLDEJNHA
X@E>JJ<AJHDN>}<AHAJDH>DHxAJE?>@<DHxAX@H_>J>^ALA>F>LE_AX@E?wKN>pA
8!iAJHDN>}A=>@@<NELyz{|PAJwF~=<NA>F>}<y{{|PAGHXECFE@HND`^A_>NE?PA=>@@<N`AK<FHxAHAa<@HxpA
!
"#$%!!&'!(!#)*++#''&(#)%!&),-(.#)!)+'*/ +#''*%))%!+&(#
!"!""!#"!"!$!"""!#"#!
!cfqecAkA{kqjfgA¡c¢khkj£AcfqecPA¤¤¡PAcqkcqkl¥mPA¤¦§{¨A
cfqecAkA§fh£gfhA¢ceg¥q£AfnA¢cegfhA¡c¢khkj£AkAkknAfnngglc¥AfnAk¥ecg¥PA¤¤¡PAcqkcqkl¥mPA¤¦§{¨A
!%&'()%*(A©gj¢Ak¥AkAcqqfc¥yz{|AªAc«Aqkeg¥gjAk¬gnf¥AªA¥gerhfc¥Ac¢fcecAkAcyz{|Ancqglfglc¥AkfggjA
c¢khkj£Af¥cnAkAr¥fjcAkAflfghfhcA¢cfAqf«Aefcqgfh¥pA{Aqc¥cAfcqAcrhgfqggc¥AkAcqqfc¥yz{|AkAfhmfhgcAfnAfhmfhgcd
cfq¢Aecfh¥A¥£¢c¥g¥Afª¥cnAkA¢ª£k¢hkq]gªcAec¢ªknA¢flc]ªAccAglc¥gjfcniA
c A®A]h ®A© Ac ®A]hA®A ®A]\pA
¡¢g¥AqcfgkAy¥¥¢|krhnAcA¯ArfgfglcAf¥cnAkA¢cqekn£fegA]ffh£¥g¥pAclcq¢chc¥¥AgA«f¥AkrnAnrqgjAfqqgcnAkrAc¬cqgec¥A
¢fA£gchnAkAcyz{|Akekrn¥Ahc¥¥A¢fA:°°±pA{hrccAkAkcqfgjAfqfeccq¥Ay¢£nqk¬gncAfnA¢£k¢hkqgcAkcqfgk¥PA
cecqfrqcPAekhfqAqfgkAhcy{{||AkA£gchnAkAqknrA¢f¥AccAglc¥gjfcnpA{A«f¥AkrnAkrA¢fA°jccqfgkAkAcqqfcA
ncqcf¥c¥A«g¢Agqcf¥cAkAcecqfrqcA¥kAgAg¥Afnlg¥fhcAkAfqq£AkrA¥£¢c¥g¥AgAhk«AcecqfrqcAgchnAy°d²A|pA{Ag¥Acc¥¥fq£AfA
hcf¥A«gcAjqcfcqAc¬c¥¥AkAk¬gnfAkefqgjAkA¥kg¢gkecq£AkAf¢gclcA¢cAkehccc¥¥AkA¢cAklcq¥gkAqf«AefcqgfhAkA
«fcnAqknrpA{A«f¥AkrnA¢fAncjqccAkAklcq¥gkAcqqkr¥A¥fh¥AkAcqqfc¥AnrqgjA¢£k¢hkqgcAk¬gnfgkAgqcf¥c¥AgAqk«A
cqqkr¥A¥rhfcAdAcqqkr¥A¢hkqgncAdAcqqkr¥AgqfcpA{A«f¥A¥fcnA£Ac¬cqgecA¢fAefjcgcAkqefgkAk rq¥AykAekqcA³±AkAkfhA
c|AnrqgjAcqqfcA¥£¢c¥g¥AqkeAc ³́©A£A¢£k¢hkqgcA«f£pA{A«f¥Ancek¥qfcnA¥khgnAcqqfc¥AycPAfcAHAfc|A
¢flcAccA«f¥cnA£A¥rhfcAfgk¥Anrqgj]A¥£¢c¥g¥PAhk«c¥Ayµ±|AkcAkAgAkc¥A¢f¥AccAg¬AgA]kf¥¥greAcqqfcPA¢gj¢c¥A
y¶:·±|AªAgAfqgreA¥fhpAc«Ac¢khkjgfhAncg¥gk¥AkqA¥£¢c¥g¥Acggc£Ageqklcec¥AAfnAncqcf¥gjAgerqggc¥AkcA
yefgh£A¥rhfc¥|A¢flcAccAqkk¥cnpA
#+,-./012!cqqfcyz{|A¥£¢c¥g¥PAcqqkr¥A¥rhfcPA¢£k¢hkqgcAec¢knPAkf¥¥greAfnA¥kngreAcqqfc¥A
A
A
7¾21//**F01F12331IE-4A;13*9*3A-A50¾950-82-1AA
.¸¹º¹»¼¹
2¾0,*.-2/*2,*1A5¾0¾01F*2.-A-/07¾,-2*334A0+9>ANA
½¾001234567A8A92*A+,-.1/0,31A./122A,*334A /-2¾012+0¾A*5-21,*A,¾2.*/0.*A50-7¾0*3A2-,2¾;1A
5¾025¾.2-3,34A*.-2/-2¾/¾1A2A6-0*.-7A25¾.20*7A G¾0012*3A,1A¾=*A*2,*3¾<A3A:122,*22-OA*.-2/¾,-¾A
50-7¾,¾,-8A 9/8A *:-22.-A 3*93A -A 3*;9+41<A 23¾09*=*AJKPQBRSTUQA=1;**F01;,37A4/*0*7A?VC<A
*0=1,-:¾2.*=*A2-,2¾;1<A50*-;3*92231A-22*:,-.*3A2*.1A 9/¾.20*4-7-:¾2.-1A2-,2¾;A3A01223*0¾A2+/0G121A
-A90>A?@AAABC>AD9,1.*A32¾A¾E¾A332*.18A2¾F¾22*-7*220A H¾/¾;1A,1A7*9-G-W-0*31,,*7A1/71;,*7A9/¾.20*XA
G¾0012*3<A29¾0H-31IE18A-4A6-0*.*712621F,3¾A 9¾A?YC<A23¾09*G1;,18A0¾1.W-8A.0-221//*=-90121A2A
335+2.A -A 50-7¾,¾,-¾<A 22-7+/-0+I2A =-5*4/*0-2*7A.1/0W-8A?SC<A*.-2/¾,-¾A1,-*,*7A
2*3¾06¾,223*31,-¾A 2¾4,*/*=-1A 5*/+:¾,-8A =-5*4/*0-21A 3A .*,W¾,20-0*31,,*7A E¾/*:,*7A
50*-;3*9,34AJK4567<A*2,*31,,34A,1A9*22+5,*7A-A 01223*0¾A?Z<A[C>AN1H,*A*27¾2-20<A:2*A=-5*4/*0-2A
9¾6¾3*7A2300¾>AL*2/¾9,-7A.0-2¾0-87A35*/,¾A 21.H¾A83/8¾228A9*2212*:,*A9¾6¾337A0¾1=¾,2*7A-AA3A
+9*3/¾23*08¾2A2+/0G12AH¾/¾;1A4667<A.*2*031A3A 2-/+A0891A50-:-,A¾7+A7*H,*A*29120A50¾95*:2¾,-¾A5*A
F*/06-4A *FM¾714A 50*-;3*9-228A -;A *24*9*3A 2013,¾,-IAA2A21.-7-A01250*2201,¾,,37-A9/8A2-,2¾;1A
3/233333333333333333333333333333333333333333<734:AF
333:C>339BG7
3393H3I3JK3LL3ML3N
!""#12345676489*+,-.
!""#17/05714681,2+,3.
56789:;<=878>6;;9=5?@A5;BCD6C;<E<F89C:
0012$%!$&'()'2)*+',!&1&!-)$0,!$.$/!')'!00$&('1! + 2$1$+,!$94()1%)'%1=2!00$1$)N /'!'(()1$%1/'6!
/120'*2!!
%!11//$+!/1001%)/''2!
3.45/'! 4()$%'6! ('/2.1! 0012$%,!
w )<=! 11//$6! 019$23! 93)$! '.45/'!
$(/$%1//3-!/1!00'+ //''!1$(240/3-,!/1$0$8'-!'! $($9//$(26! ('/2.1! 0012$%! : )$5/3-! '!
9.$01(/3-! %: (2%,! ;'0$&$! %304(&1+3-! : )$5/$.+ )</3-!+ 21))$%!'.!(4)< 121!N ).14667!
$25(2%//$6!00$+3;)//$(2<=,!(21)'!001+ 2$+! 8'0$-)$0'2/3+! + 2$1$+2! x)*! 1$(2'N /'*!
11//$8$!'(()1$%1/'*2!
0$(21%)//$6!p)'!/$9-$1'+$!0;'2<!()14=:'!
!
.1115']!
"#>?$@?$A%B>ACB#DE&>##DEFGHA>#G'I>J%?$$ Q!'(()1$%12<!%)'*/'!01.)'5/3-! 1&2$0$%Q!/1!
00$p((!$&'()/'*!(4)< 121!N ).1!1/'$/$+!fg_ ,!
@>&>K$HH?%&G'>#$L
Q!(01%/'2<!%3-$1!Z[4567!1)*!/&$2$03-!($1'//'6!
M$(&$)<&4! 00123!$2/$('2)</$!(219')</3!%! Z[4667!'!Z[46667!
2%01$+!($(2$*/''!')'!%!: )$5/$6!(01!(!%3($&'+! Q!01.019$212<!001&2'5(&'!0&$+ /11p''!1)*!
($10N1/'+!OPQ!'$/$%,!2$!1)*!00$+3;)//$8$! ('/2.1! 0012$%!: )$5/3-!'!: )$5/$.+ )</3-!
00'+ //'*!('/2.,!$(/$%1//36!/1!%$1/$+!01(2%$0! + 21))$%!/1!$(/$%!(4)< 121!N ).146672!
(4)< 121!N ).14667!UVW,!/!00'8$1/2!3.%(2/$!!UX,!YW,!
52$!00'!0$)45/''!00$'.%$1/3-!Z[4567!%!2%01$6!
y>A%B$>?D$z%AG&D&?LFG?CK%#$L$
1.!(!00'+ //'+!(4)< 12$%!N ).1,!$901.4=2(*!/!
$HH?%&G'>#$L{%BB>AG'
5'(23 ! 00123,!1!22/2!(+ ;1//3 !(4)< 12$ 00123]!
( 001234567!('/2.'0$%1)'!'.!01&2'%$%!
!
Z[^_`,!Z[^_`aYbc_,!Z[c4^_`7ualbc_,!Z[fgcaVbc_,!
Z[^_`aYbc_!d!e1!4fg_7c!d!Vh_b!!i!
! }1egc,! fkfgc,! h_b,! |k_b!
u7
caVbc_,
!chc4Z[j,X^j,X7_`!d!chfg!d!fk!4_b7c!dlPcO!! 4m7! Z&%[14|_
)' '&1p''!-252!8'0$-)$0'2/3+!(0$($9$+!0$!
+ 2$1'&1+,!$0'(1//3+!%!Um,!uW2! cQ
!
t$/p/201p'=!1/'$/$%!Z[_` !%!01(2%$0!
Z[^_`a-bc_!d!cfgc!d!nh_b!!i!!
4
(
2
1
/
1
%
0&20$ $2$+ 20'5(&'!00'!1)'/!
!chc4Z[j,X^j,X7_`!d!`hfg!d!4od`7Pc_!! ! 4c7! %$)/3!)'%~1)X'j!(
X! /+2! v 2$1'&1! $001)/'*!
''!1/'$/1!8'0$-)$0'21!00'/p'0'1)</$!/!
O1/1&$,!1)*!&)1(('5(&$8$!8'0$-)$0'2/$8$!+ 2$11!%! $&$2)/'p51/)210(1<p!$
0'%1//$6!%!UlW2!e$10N1/'!
&$/p/20'0$%1//3-! : )$5/3-! 01(2%$01-! 21&'! (4)< 12$%!%!(2'!0
/
2
/3-! 00121-!$001)*)'!
11//3 !$2(42(2%4=2!%$%(2!q1&,!%!UnW!($$9:12(*! 801%'+ 20'5(&'+!(.0'$0($$%91$/+2
!!
2$)<&$!$!%3($&$+!%3-$1! 0012$%,!/$!/2! (...truncated)