EXTRACTION OF HEAVY ISOTOPES OF DEUTERIUM, TRITIUM AND OXYGEN

ɍȾɄ 539.182.2:543.42.062 ɂɁȼɅȿɑȿɇɂȿ ɌəɀȿɅɕɏ ɂɁɈɌɈɉɈȼ ȾȿɃɌȿɊɂə, ɌɊɂɌɂə ɂ ɄɂɋɅɈɊɈȾȺ ɂɁ ȼɈȾɕ Ɉ.ȼ. Ɇɨɫɢɧ1, ɂ. ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜ2 1 – ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ “Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ”, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ e-mail: 2 – ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ, ɋɨɮɢɹ, Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɹ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ – D, T ɢ 18Ɉ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ. Ⱦɚɧɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ 5–30% ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɹ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɣ, ɬɪɢɬɢɣ, ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ–18, “ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ” ɜɨɞɚ, “ɥɟɝɤɚɹ” ɜɨɞɚ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɺ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ 99,7 ɦɨɥ.% ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ H216O, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ 1ɇ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ 16Ɉ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ 0,3 ɦɨɥ.% ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬ. ɧ. ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ – ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ (H217O ɢ H218O), ɬɹɠɺɥɚɹ (D216O) ɢ ɬɪɢɬɢɟɜɚɹ (ɫɜɟɪɯɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ) ɜɨɞɚ (Ɍ216O), ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɚ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɬɨɦɵ ɇ, D, T, 16O, 17O ɢ 18O ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 18, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 9 ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɣ (ɇ216O, ɇ217O, ɇ218O, HD16O, HD17O, HD18O, D216O, D217O, D218O) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ 9 ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ (T216O, T217O, T218O, DT16O, DT17O, DT18O, HT16O, HT17O, HT18O) ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɬɪɢɬɢɹ [1]. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ (ɇ, D ɢ Ɍ) ɢ 3 ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (16O, 17O ɢ 18O) ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ. 99,97 ɦɨɥ.% ɜɫɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɟɜɨɣ (ɇ216Ɉ) ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɞɨɥɹ “ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ” (D216Ɉ) ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,02 ɦɨɥ.%. ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɜ 10000 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ 9973 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ H216O, 3 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ HD16O, 4 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ H217O, 20 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ H218O ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 2 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ D216O [2]. ȿɳɟ ɪɟɠɟ, ɱɟɦ D216O, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɜɹɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɬɪɢɬɢɣ – ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ 12,26 ɥɟɬ. Ɍɪɢɬɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɨɦɛɚɪɞɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɬɪɢɬɢɟɜɚɹ (“ɫɜɟɪɯɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ”) ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɸ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ. ȿɠɟɦɢɧɭɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ 1 ɫɦ2 ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ 8–9 ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɬɪɢɬɢɹ. Ɍ216O ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ: ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ ɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɯ; ɜ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ - ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ [3]. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɮɟɪɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 15 ɤɝ Ɍ216O. Ɍɹɠɺɥɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɚɤ, D216O ɤɢɩɢɬ ɩɪɢ 101,44 0ɋ, ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ 3,82 0ɋ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ 20 0ɋ 1,105 ɝ/ɫɦ3, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ 4 0ɋ, ɤɚɤ ɭ ɇ216O, ɚ ɧɚ 11,2 0ɋ (1,106 ɝ/ɫɦ3). 60 Вода i водоочисні технології. На №2(12), 2013 Ɍ216O ɤɢɩɢɬ ɩɪɢ 104 °ɋ, ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ 4,9 °ɋ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 1,33 ɝ/ɫɦ3. Ɏɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ H217O ɢ ɇ218O ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɇ216Ɉ, ɱɟɦ D216O. ɗɬɢ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɦɟɱɟɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ [4]. ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɬ. ɟ. ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ D, Ɍ ɢ 18 O. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ, Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɸ ɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ D, Ɍ ɢ 18 O, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɹ ɢ “ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ” ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ D216O ɢ ɇ218O ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɭɤɚɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɟ, ɯɟɦɨɝɟɬɟɪɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɟ, ɮɨɬɨɨɪɝɚɧɨɝɟɬɟɪɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɞɪɨɠɠɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ D216O (99,8 ɚɬ.% D) ɢ ɇ218O (99,9 ɚɬ.% 18O) (Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɇɂɐ “ɂɡɨɬɨɩ” (ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɊɎ) ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ D216O ɫ ɇ216O ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɇD16O ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ-ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɹ. ɇɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɢ ɜ D216O, D216O ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɞ KMnO4 ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ 1ɇ əɆɊ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Brucker WM-250 (“Brucker Daltonics”, ɎɊȽ) (ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ 70 ɆȽɰ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ Me4Si). Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɜɨɦ ɞɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ (2 %-ɧɵɣ ɚɝɚɪ) ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɟ) ɫɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ D216O (ɨɬ 0; 24,5; 49,0; 73,5 ɞɨ 98 ɨɛ.% D216O). ɋɟɥɟɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɪɨɫɲɢɯ ɜ D216O ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ D216O. Ɂɚ ɯɨɞɨɦ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɚɝɚɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɫ D216O, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɟ Beckman DU-6 (“Beckman Coulter”, ɋɒȺ) ɩɪɢ Ȝ=620 ɧɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɚɲɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ. ɂɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ). ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɇ216O, ɫ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɥɢɧ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ: D/H ĺ 100%, 18O/16O ĺ12,5%. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɵ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɮɪɚ (...truncated)