Parental Involvement During Online Learning: A Study Among Low-Income Families in Indonesia

Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 pp. 67-75 P-ISSN: 2579-3276 E-ISSN : 2549-6174 Open Access: https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i1.54006 Parental Involvement During Online Learning: A Study Among Low-Income Families in Indonesia Risa Fitria1*, Aulia Putri Pangesti2 1,2 Primary School Teacher Education, Universitas Presiden, Cikarang, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRAK Article history: Received November 12, 2022 Accepted January 12, 2023 Available online February 25, 2023 Sebagian besar orang tua menghadapi masalah selama pandemi, terutama orang tua berpenghasilan rendah menghadapi tantangan yang lebih berat dari yang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana keterlibatan orang tua dengan status ekonomi rendah dalam pembelajaran anaknya di tengah pandemi dan bagaimana pandangan orang tua berpenghasilan rendah terhadap pembelajaran daring di tengah pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian survei untuk memperoleh data dari salah satu sekolah negeri. Kuesioner yang terdiri dari data kuantitatif dan kualitatif digunakan dan disebarluaskan melalui Google Forms kepada semua orang tua di satu sekolah dasar negeri. Penelitian ini melibatkan 132 orang tua. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasilnya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orang tua yang sebagian besar berstatus ekonomi kurang mampu terlibat dalam pembelajaran anaknya dengan berbagai cara, seperti menjelaskan, melengkapi, dan memeriksa lembar kerja atau tugas anaknya. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa orang tua berpenghasilan rendah menghadapi kesulitan dalam mendampingi anak mereka selama pembelajaran daring, membuat sebagian besar orang tua menolak pembelajaran daring. Akhirnya, penelitian ini menyarankan beberapa rekomendasi kepada pembuat kebijakan dan pendidik untuk dipertimbangkan di masa mendatang. Kata Kunci: Keterlibatan Orang tua, Orang tua Berpenghasilan Rendah, Pembelajaran Daring Keywords: Online Learning, Low-Income Parents, Parental Involvement. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Copyright © 2023 by Author. Published by Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. ABSTRACT Most parents face problems during the pandemic, especially low-income parents face tougher challenges than others. This study aims to analyze how parents with low economic status get involved in their children's learning amidst the pandemic and what the low-income parents’ perspectives on online learning amidst the pandemic were. This research used a survey research method to obtain the data from one of the public schools. Questionnaire consisting of quantitative and qualitative data was used and disseminated via Google Forms to all the parents in one primary state school. This study is involving 132 parents. The data were then analyzed by using descriptive analysis. As a result, the study showed that the parents who were primarily categorized as economically disadvantaged status were involved in their children's learning in various ways, such as explaining, completing, and checking their child's worksheets or assignments. This study also found indication that low-income parents faced difficulties in assisting their children during online learning, making most parents resistant to online learning. Finally, this study suggested several recommendations to policymakers and educators for future consideration. 1. INTRODUCTION When the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world, the educational sector underwent a massive change that impacted teachers, students, and parents. Since most schools in Indonesia were closed and students were required to study from their homes, online learning became the solution to mitigate the learning losses (Pajarianto et al., 2020; Patrikakou, 2016; Puspitasari, 2020). During this unprecedented time, teachers were challenged to ensure a smooth and effective process of e-learning that benefits the students. They had to change how they planned the lesson, executed the plan, and evaluated the learning process because all of the learning processes were conducted online (Phan & Dang, 2017; Ujianti et al., 2021). This quick shift has generated complex issues such as a lack of school and teacher readiness and inadequate Corresponding author *E-mail addresses: (Risa Fitria) Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar Vol. 7, No. 1, Tahun 2023, pp. 67-75 68 infrastructure (Anam & Hanik, 2002; Yulfiana et al., 2021). Besides, teachers could not be physically present to accompany their students in the classroom due to the mandate of studying from home. Parents became the closest support to their children, especially the younger ones. Therefore, their involvement in their child's learning during the online learning is very crucial. Parental involvement can be interpreted as the role of parents to assist various types of children's learning activities at school and home (Delipiter Lase et al., 2021; Pajarianto et al., 2020). The involvement of parents in a child's education at home is ultimately salient for the development of a child's learning since parents can provide emotional and cognitive support to their children at home. According to previous study parental involvement in a child's education can be specified in several different ways, such as cooperation between parents and children at home (for example, parents help with housework), activities related to school (parents attend school events), communicate with each other between parents and teachers (parents ask about homework) and monitor the development of children's behaviors outside of school hours (Rahman, 2014). In addition previous researcher state that parental involvement can also be viewed from parents visiting their children at school, meeting their teachers, participating in school activities, helping their children to take learning courses outside, monitoring their child's academic progress and can pay for children's education (Schunk, D., Meece, J., & Pintrich, 2008). Extensive research conducted before the pandemic has shown that parental involvement played an important role in children's academic achievement (Driessen et al., 2005; LaRocque et al., 2011). However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was little discussion how parents were involved in their children's education. Parental involvement became a critical issue during online learning because parents received new roles and responsibilities to assist their children in learning in a virtual environment. Since most governments in the world put efforts to mitigate the impact of Covid-19, not only learning from home (LFH) was mandated, but also working from home (WFH) (Alamiyah, S. et al., 2021; Delipiter Lase et al., 2021; Treviño et al., 2021). This means that all activities done by parents and children were carried out at home. Because of their presence at home during LFH, parents substitute teachers' roles with significant responsibilities. However, studies showed that almost all parents perceived negative feeli (...truncated)