FLOUTING MAXIM PERFORMED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE EDGE OF SEVENTEEN MOVIE

FLOUTING MAXIM PERFORMED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE EDGE OF SEVENTEEN MOVIE By: Tracy Rabecca H, Masdiana Lubis 1) Ely Hayati Nasution 2) Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan, Indonesia 1,2) E-mail: 1) 2) ABSTRACT This research aims at identifying the kinds of flouting maxim performed by the main character in The Edge of Seventeen movie and finding out the effect of flouting maxim performed by the main character in the movie. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are twenty dialogues of The Edge of Seventeen movie containing flouting maxim. In analyzing the data, the researcher found that Nadine as the main character of the movie flouted all types of maxim. The most flouting maxim used by Nadine is floating maxim of quantity and, the least flouting maxim performed by Nadine are flouting maxim of quality and flouting maxim of manner. For the effects, Nadine gave seven effects based on Austin’s Perlocutionary effect theory to the other character of the movie. The seven effects based on Austin’s theory are annoying, boring, convincing, causing, getting the hearer realize something, getting the hearer to do something, and insulting. Further, the effect that mostly performed by Nadine in the movie is getting the hearer realize something effect. Keywords: Cooperative Principle, Flouting Maxim, Perlocutionary Effect, The Edge of Seventeen 1. Introduction The means of communication is to connect people with a clear understanding in which the participants give and receive information to and from one another. In daily life, humans have to engage in communication to interact with one another. In a conversation, there are two essential roles taking part, they are speakers and hearers interchanging their role. To avoid misunderstanding in communication, both of the speaker and the hearer should be cooperative. Grice (Wardaugh, 2006: 293) states that conversation is a cooperative activity. In other words, to make a good conversation like explained above, some rules should be followed by the participants in the conversation, which is called Cooperative 273 Principle. Cooperative principle is a theory introduced by H. Paul Grice in 1975. Grice (1975) in an article named Logic and Conversation said “Make your conversational contribution such as required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”. It can be stated that the speakers and the hearers of the conversation have mutual desire to convey and interpreting the meaning of the utterances. The cooperative principle itself consists of four maxims, the first, maxim of quality (tell the truth), second, maxim of quantity (answer as required), third, maxim off relation (make it relevant), and the last, maxim of manner (make it clear). With these four maxims, the conversation will run smoothly. FLOUTING MAXIM PERFORMED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE EDGE OF SEVENTEEN MOVIE Tracy Rabecca H, Masdiana Lubis 1) Ely Hayati Nasution 2) According to Cutting (2002:37) flouting maxim is a situation when the speaker did not follow the maxims but expects the hearer to appreciate the meaning implied. By flouting maxims, the speakers seem to be uncooperative, but actually, they did. They flout maxims because of some reasons. Behind the utterances, there are some hidden meanings and purposes tried to be conveyed by the speaker. There are four types of flouting maxim, they are flouting maxim of quantity, flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of relevance, and the last is flouting maxim of manner. Austin (1962) defines speech act, as the action used by language to modify the state of the object on which the action is performed. According to Cutting (2002:2) We can use language, for example, to give an order, to make a request, to give an announcement, to give an advice, etc. Speech acts theory describes what utterances are intended to do, such as promise, apologise, and threaten. Bordwell and Thompson (1997: 3) said that movies are equal to buildings, books, and symphonies. It is an artifact that is made by humans for humans' purposes. Movie is defined as an art that can be a reflection of human‟s life since it is made based on social phenomena and cultural values. It is also classified as a form of spoken discourse in which the phenomena that the researcher analyzes, that is maxim flouting, are reflected. Movies have some aspects which can reflect the phenomena clearer than other media. In movies, unlike in novels, the phenomena are depicted clearer through the context, setting, and facial expression. Hence, analyzing maxim flouting through movies can represent the analysis of flouting maxim in real life. 2. Literature Review Flouting maxim is different from violating maxim in terms of the purposes. In flouting maxim, the speaker leads implied meanings to the others. Basically, the speaker has no intention to disobey the maxim. On the other hand, violating maxim happens when the speaker has intention to mislead the hearer‟s understanding about something. Cutting (2002:37) state flouting maxims is when the speakers appear not to follow the maxims but expect hearers to appreciate the meaning implied. Conversation has its maxims in order to make the conversation goes smoothly, but sometimes it is violated by its user. Moreover, Seken (2015: 101) argues that flouting maxim is the situation when a speaker purposefully disobeys a maxim at the level of what is said with the deliberate intention of generating an implicature. Based on cooperative principle theory, there are four types of flouting maxim. The first type is flouting maxim of quantity, this flouting happens when the speaker fail to fulfill the maxim of quantity in the conversation where the speaker are not informative as it is required or more informative than it is required. Cutting (2002:37) stated that the speaker who flouts the maxim quantity give too little or too much information. The second type is flouting maxim of quality, Flouting maxim of quality happens when the speakers fail to fulfill the maxim of quality in the conversation. Seken (2015:96) stated that flouting maxim of quality happens when the speaker‟s answer is untrue or nonfactual, and lack evidence. The third type is flouting maxim of relation, this flouting happens when the speaker fail to fulfill the maxim of relation in the conversation. The speaker fail to be relevant in conversation. The speakers are not willingly being not relevant, sometimes because the speakers want to hide something. Cutting (2002:39) stated if speakers flout the maxim of relation, they expect that the hearers will be able to imagine the utterance that the speaker did not say, and make connection between their utterance and the preceding ones. The JURNAL DARMA AGUNG Volume 29, Nomor 2, Agustus 2021 ; 273–280 274 last type is flouting maxim of manner, Flouting maxim of manner happens when the speakers fail (...truncated)