Analysis of Deixis in The Short Story “The Garden of Paradise”: Pragmatics Study

International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE) Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2024, pp. 39-50 ISSN 2686-0120 (print), 2686-5106 (online) 39 http://journal.univetbantara.ac.id/index.php/ijelle/index ANALYSIS ON DEIXIS IN THE SHORT STORY “THE GARDEN OF PARADISE”: PRAGMATICS STUDY Aprilia Puspaningrum a,1,*, Ervina CM Simatupang b,2 a Faculty of Humanities, English Department, Bandung, 40125, Indonesia *, 2 * * Corresponding Author 1 Received 12 June 2024; accepted 22 June 2024; published 31 June 2024 ABSTRACT The study aims to investigate types of deixis and their function within the short story "The Garden of Paradise". Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on Cresswell's (2013) framework, the data employs pragmatic theories by Griffiths (2006) and deixis theories by Yule (1996), Cruse (2000), Bouk (2016), and Levinson (1983). Techniques of data collection were documentation and content analysis. Data of the research were sentences containing deixis found from the source of the short story "The Garden of Paradise”. Data analysis was done through qualitative steps such as reduction, display data, and verification. The findings showed 202 data of deixis in the short story, categorized into five types: 89 (44%) data of person deixis, 31 (15,34%) of spatial deixis, 37 (18,31%) of time deixis, 35 (17,32%) of discourse deixis, and 10 (5,03%) of social deixis. Each type of deixis has distinct functions: person deixis clarifies participants roles, spatial deixis indicates locations between speaker and listeners, time deixis specifies when the speech occurs, discourse deixis relates to elements within the speech act discourse, and social deixis highlights aspects of the social relationship between speakers and listeners. KEYWORDS Short Story Pragmatics Deixis Types Deixis Function This is an openaccess article under the CC– BY-SA license 1. Introduction A short story, renowned for its brevity, encapsulates a full-fledged narrative within a confined literary space, demonstrating the remarkable ability to distill complex themes and characters into succinct storytelling. This condensed format, while limited in length, offers a compelling and immersive experience for readers, drawing them into captivating plots that unfold seamlessly. As highlighted by Devansa (2021), short stories possess the remarkable knack for sustaining reader engagement through their consistently gripping narratives, adeptly avoiding the pitfalls of monotony that can accompany longer works. Moreover, according to Roseline & Zakiuddin (2023), the short story genre is a fertile ground for exploration, allowing writers to experiment with different styles and forms of writing. This inherent flexibility not only encourages innovation but also promotes creative expression, allowing writers to push the boundaries of conventional storytelling and carve out unique narrative landscapes. In the literary world, short stories serve as a dynamic canvas for literary experimentation, providing a platform to incorporate fresh perspectives and imaginative leaps. Therefore, within the concise confines of the short story, the seeds of literary ingenuity and artistic doi :10.32585/ijelle.v6i1.5316 40 International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE) ISSN 2686-0120 (print), 26865106 (online) Vol. 6., No. 1, June 2024, pp. 39-50 innovation often find fertile ground to flourish and captivate audiences around the world. To support the composition of a short story, it requires a good arrangement of words and language. Talking about language, it directly relates to linguistics. According to Sinaga, Herman, and Marpaung (2020), “Linguistics is a scientific study of human language”. One of linguistic domains concerned with language study is Pragmatics (Slotta cited in Hafsah, 2022). Pragmatics, identified as an academic field, investigates the contextual significance of language usage. Levinson, as mentioned in Raputri (2021), defines pragmatics as the examination of the relationships between language and context encoded within language structures. Hence, pragmatics aids in comprehending individuals' expressions by emphasizing implicit meanings (Utami, 2023). Within the realm of pragmatic inquiry, a multitude of subjects is explored, with deixis emerging as a prominent focal point. Yule (1996:9), as referenced in Fathonah (2019), elucidated that the term "deixis" finds its roots in the Greek language, conveying the notion of pointing or indicating. Cruse (2000), as cited in Handayani (2024), suggested that the interpretation of "deixis" varies among individuals, implying that it holds different meanings depending on the perspective. Expanding on this notion, Bouk (2016), as mentioned in Elsaria (2019), proposed that "deixis" encompasses the act of pointing through language, highlighting how language serves as a medium to encode the contextual features of utterances or speech events. This perspective emphasizes the role of language in establishing reference points and situating communication within specific contexts. Based on Levinson (1983) in Fadilah & Resmini (2021); in suggests a broader classification, encompassing five deixis types: person deixis, spatial deixis, time/temporal deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. Each types of deixis has different functions and characteristics (Levinson in Simatupang, Fadhilah, & Barokah, 2021). This broad framework of deixis offers a rich understanding of how language users navigate and convey meaning within various communicative contexts, encompassing the nuances of interpersonal relations, spatial orientations, temporal references, discourse organization, and societal dynamics. Through a nuanced exploration of these deixis types, scholars and practitioners alike gain insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying language use and interpretation, thereby enriching our understanding of human communication processes. According to Cruse (2000) as referenced in Rokhmah & Santoso (2022), person deixis can be classified into three main categories: first person, representing the speaker (I/me, we/us); second person, indicating the listener (you); and third person, denoting other participants (he/him, she/her, it, they/them). Additionally, Levinson, as cited in Simatupang, Fadhilah, & Barokah (2021), highlighted that the purpose of person deixis is to elucidate the roles of individuals engaged in a speech act or expression. Moreover, person deixis serves as a linguistic tool for situating individuals within the context of discourse, thereby facilitating the comprehension and interpretation of utterances within a broader pragmatic framework. Spatial deixis, often referred to as place deixis, involves indicating locations relative to the speaker, typically employing terms like "here," "there," "this," and "that" (Kusumadewi & Anggraeni, 2020). Thomas, as cited in Elsaria (2019), emphasized that spatial deixis gains si (...truncated)