Political Dynamics of the Era of Ali Bin Abi Thalib (Contribution of the Political System in Islamic Civilization)

POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF THE ERA OF ALI BIN ABI THALIB (CONTRIBUTION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM IN ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION) Nilna Aldzakhiroh*, Beri Nopriansyah, Gita Fitri Ramadhani, Zulfi Mubaraq, Nur Kholid Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia Abstract The study of political studies during the time of Caliph Ali bin Abi Thalib is very important to study in more depth. Because this study greatly contributes to political problems in Indonesia such as corruption and social injustice which are often debated. The aim of this article is to understand 3 things: First, the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time. Second, internal and external factors that influenced the politics of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time. Third, the positive and negative implications of politics for Muslims at that time. The method used is qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results found were 3 things: First, the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time had 3 forms: (1) war politics (2) peace (3) justice. Second, internally there were 3 factors that influenced it: (1) differences of opinion (2) Caliph Ali's policies (3) Caliph Ali's characteristics. Externally, there are 5 factors that influence it: (1) the death of Muslims (2) support from the Kuffah community (3) the Governor's negligence (4) community problems (5) selfishness. Third, there are 3 positive implications for Muslims: (1) making it easier for Caliph Ali (2) the emergence of different forms of Islamic law (3) an orderly government system. Meanwhile, the negative implications for Muslims are 3 things: (1) changes in the Islamic government system (2) the emergence of new groups (3) division of Muslims. The conclusion of this article shows that it provides new views and insights into the study of Islamic Civilization during the era of Caliph Ali bin Abi Thalib in the current political sector. Keywords: Islamic civilization; Caliph Ali bin Abi Thalib; Politik. INTRODUCTION The study of politics is interesting to debate, especially in Indonesia. This is because this theme contains elements of Controversial (Debate), Conflict, Trending (topics that are hotly discussed), Viral (famous figures) and Emergency (urging to find a solution) (CCTVE). One of them is about government policies that are not in accordance with Islamic teachings, such as the new Criminal Code which is considered not strict in prohibiting LGBT and social justice in Indonesia which is uneven, such as education in remote areas receiving less attention from the government and corruption which is one of the main problems in Indonesian politics. With these problems, political contributions were needed during the time of Ali bin Abi Thalib who taught about government policies that were in accordance with Islamic teachings and social justice as well as fair leadership and a clean political system (Ali, 2020). There are 3 things that show the urgency of the title being discussed: First, conceptually, the study of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time is a study of rules, power, authority, government, conflict and policy (Fathurrahman, 2020); Second, functionally, the study of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time functions as a measuring tool for the intensity and authority of power in a government in order to achieve social welfare (Hakim, 2020); Third, in terms of contribution, the study of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time provides a theoretical contribution in the form of politics towards Islam and a practical contribution in the form of political practices that do not draw on the principles of justice. (Rustan, 2020). The three things mentioned above show how important it is for this theme to be studied in more depth. *Correspondance Author: Article History | Submited: 18 Desember, 2023 | Revised: 22 Januari, 2024|Accepted: 29 Januari, 2024 HOW TO CITE (APA 6th Edition): Aldzakhiroh, N., Nopriansyah, B., Ramadhani, G.F., Mubaraq, Z., Kholid, N. (2024). Political Dynamics of the Era of Ali bin Abi Thalib (Contribution of the Political System in Islamic Civilization). Juspi: Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam. 7(2), page.152-164 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v7i2.18659 152 Political Dynamics of the Era of Ali bin Abi Thalib (Contribution of the Political System in…| 153 Previous studies related to the theme of this article apparently have three tendencies: First, writings about the theme of the political paradigm of the time of Ali bin Abi Thalib (656-661 AD) tend to only be discussed from a historical perspective, so they are trapped in historical romanticism (Taufikurrahman & Usman, 2020); Second, writings about the political paradigm themes of Ali bin Abi Thalib (656-661 AD) tend to only be discussed from the character's perspective, so they are trapped in individualist fanaticism (Al-Azizi, 2017); Third, writings on the theme of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib (656-661 AD) tend to only be discussed from a conceptual perspective, so they are trapped in definitions (Junaidin, 2020). Meanwhile, this paper tends to discuss three things: the form of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib (656-661 AD), the factors that influence it, both internal and external factors, factors that support and hinder and the implications for Muslims, both positive and negative implications, so this article is clearly different from previous articles. The aim of this article is to understand three things: First, the political paradigms of Ali bin Abi Thalib (656-661 AD). This relates to forms of rule, power, authority, government, conflict and policy with the political theme of Ali bin Abi Thalib. Second, internal and external factors that influenced the politics of Ali bin Abi Thalib (656-661 AD). This is related to internal and external factors that both support and hinder the implementation of policies established during the time of Ali bin Abi Thalib. Third, the positive and negative implications of Ali bin Abi Thalib's (656-661AD) politics on Muslims. This is related to the positive and negative impacts resulting from policies during the time of Ali bin Abi Thalib, these impacts were felt by Muslims in the territories under Caliph Ali himself and other Islamic countries. There are three arguments that strengthen this article, namely as follows: First, historically the theme of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time has been studied over a long period of history so there is no doubt about its historical traces (Anis, 2016). Second, philosophically, the theme of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time has been tested in philosophy, both ontological/essence, epistemological/methodological and axiological/functionalist (Muhammad N.W, 2018). Third, methodologically, the theme of the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Thalib's time can be proven using research methods that have validity and reliability as well as triangulation (Septiandani & Yuli (...truncated)