Household Characteristics and Nutritional Status of Children to Children in Coastal Family in Bengkulu Province

Yuliantini et al., Media Gizi Indonesia (National Nutrition Journal) Special Issue: The 2nd Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON 2022) 2023.18(1SP): 61–71 https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v18i1SP. 61–71 61 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN TO CHILDREN IN COASTAL FAMILY IN BENGKULU PROVINCE Emy Yuliantini1,2*, Ketut Sukiyono3, Bambang Sulistyo4, M. Zulkarnain Yuliarso3 1Doctoral Program in Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Bengkulu University, Indonesia of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health-Bengkulu, Indonesia 3 Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agricultural, Bengkulu University, Indonesia 4 Department of Soil Science,, Faculty of Agricultural, Bengkulu University, Indonesia *E-mail: 2 Department ABSTRACT Coastal areas have a lot of natural wealth potential. Malnutrition among children under five years old in fishing families is greater than in farming families. Family characteristics such as education, knowledge, work and family income are the most important parts in ensuring family food security, so it is necessary to know the characteristics and nutritional status of toddlers in coastal families in Bengkulu province. The research method is descriptive analytic through cross sectional approach. With the sample is the mother who had children under five in the locus and not stunting loci on the coast of Bengkulu province totaling 479. The data that has been collected is processed with the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) program, then analyzed by Univariate. The result of the research is that most of the characteristics of children under five are < 3 years old. Gender is mostly female. Mother’s characteristics factors are mostly < 35 years old, while most of them have low education. Almost all mothers of toddlers do not work. Meanwhile, the majority of family incomes are still below the minimum wage. Of the three indicators of WAZ, HAZ and WHZ, Bengkulu coastal families have public health problems. Characteristics of families with low categories. The food security factor of food diversity is mostly food security, the analysis of the total food available in the medium category and the analysis of the highest food quality are utilized. It is hoped that the characteristics and risk factors for exposure to community malnutrition in children under five years of age in coastal areas are a concern and need further researchers with different research. Keywords: children, household, nutritional status, toddlers, coastal INTRODUCTION The potential wealth of coastal areas should be able to prosper the lives of coastal communities, but in fact the most coastal communities’ economic conditions are at low economic levels, including in meeting the nutritional needs of families (Sutrisno, 2014). Malnutrition among children under five years of age in fishing families is 80% higher than in farming families (Lusiana & Maryanto, 2014). Acute nutrition problems are related to the mother’s upbringing of her toddler, mother’s knowledge obtained from the education process as well as the ability to access information that is implemented in daily life. The nutritional status of toddlers depends on nutritional intake, mother’s level of knowledge, family economic level, mother’s education, parenting and food security (Rahmawati et al., 2019). Family characteristics such as education, knowledge, work and family income are the most important part in ensuring family food security (Mutisya et al., 2016). Families with a better level of education and knowledge will easily receive and understand information, including information about health such as improving nutrition. Education is associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five (Saputri & Rusman, 2022). The level of education also affects the occurrence of stunting, children born to parents with higher education are less likely to experience stunting than children born to parents with low education. In line with this, research in Nepal also shows that children born to educated parents are less likely to be stunted compared to children with uneducated parents. In line with this, research in Nepal also shows that children born to educated parents are less likely to be stunted compared to children with uneducated parents (Akombi et al., 2017). Research conducted by Haile states that children born to parents who have higher education tend ©2023. The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons -Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Received 11-12-2022, Accepted 31-05-2023, Published online 29-06-2023. 62 Yuliantini et al., Media Gizi Indonesia (National Nutrition Journal) Special Issue: The 2nd Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON 2022) 2023.18(1SP): 61–71 https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v18i1SP. 61–71 to be more receptive to health education. (Haile et al., 2016). Education level affects the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the highlands of Parepare City (Saputri & Rusman, 2022). Socioeconomic status is a combined measure of the economic and social position of an individual or family relative to others, based on income, education, and occupation. Socioeconomic conditions are socio-cultural aspects that greatly affect health status and also affect disease patterns, such as malnutrition which is more common among people with low economic status. Household income and parental education are higher risk factors for stunting. Income level with the incidence of stunting in children under five (Saputri & Rusman, 2022). Food intake is linked to socioeconomics and culture. Socioeconomics and culture can influence the nutritional intake of individual people and communities. (Sekhon, 2014). Intake of protein and vitamin A is increased by being given local supplementary food (Yuliantini et al., 2018) Rathnayake, et al. (2012) with their study in Sri Lanka showed the diversity of food consumption as an indicator that can represent the nutritional adequacy of the community. Capanzana, et al. (2018) stated the prevalence in the Philippines coastal households of wasting in children aged 0-60 months was 7.9%. Derso, et al. (2017) stated that the prevalence of stunting (58.1%) and wasting (91.7%) in children aged 6-24 months in Ethiopia was correlated with gender and parental income. While a study of children under five in Kenya showed that on average households with stunted children compared to households with normal growth differed significantly in Food Diversity Score and household food insecurity access (HFIAS), but did not differ in Agricul-tural Biodiversity (M’Kaibi et al., 2017). Indonesia has a problem of undernutrition and over nutrition in children under five. Growth in the first 1000 days of life is the main focus in public health and determines the optimal quality of growth and development. The failure of growth and develop (...truncated)