Arabic Language Disorder in Children with Dysarthria: A Case Study of Students In SDIT Mutiara Hati Jambi

Ajamiy: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab E-ISSN 2657-2206 / P-ISSN 2252-9926 https://journal.umgo.ac.id/index.php/AJamiy/index http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/ajamiy.13.1.86-99.2024 Arabic Language Disorder in Children with Dysarthria: A Case Study of Students in SDIT Mutiara Hati Jambi Ema Diah Puri1, Hisyam Zaini2 1-2 Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Corresponding Author Article Info Submitted 2023-07-22 Accepted 2024-06-04 Published 2024-06-21 Keywords: Language Disorders; Sound defects; Dysarthria Abstract This study aims to describe the problem of Arabic language disorders in 7year-old children with dysarthria at SDIT Mutiara Hati Jambi, named MAR. The analysis focuses on sound defects in short Surahs of the Quran and Arabic vocabulary (mufradat). This research uses a qualitative method with a single case study approach. Data collection techniques in this study used direct observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Then analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study found that there were 190 sound errors pronounced by research subjects, consisting of 65 substitution defects, 34 omission defects, 2 addition defects, and 89 distortion defects. Distortion is the most dominant category of sound defects in this study. The mistakes made by the research subjects (MAR) occurred because dysarthria sufferers lost control over the muscles of their speech organs which resulted in an inability to articulate speech properly. Abstrak Kata Kunci: Gangguan berbahasa; cacat bunyi; disartria Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan permasalahan gangguan berbahasa arab pada anak penderita disartria yang berusia 7 tahun di SDIT Mutiara Hati kota Jambi yang bernama MAR. Fokus penelitian ini adalah cacat bunyi vokal dan konsonan pada surat-surat pendek dan kosakata bahasa arab (mufradat). Penelitian ini menggunakan motode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, studi kasus dalam penelitian ini merupakan kasus disartria tunggal. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi langsung, wawancara dan dokumentasi, kemudian di analisis menggunakan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan terdapat 190 kesalahan bunyi yang dilafalkan subjek penelitian, yang terdiri dari 65 kesalahan penggantian bunyi, 34 kesalahan penghilangan bunyi, 2 kesalahan penambahan bunyi, dan 89 kesalahan ketidakjelasan ucapan. Dari 4 kategori kesalahan bunyi tersebut, kesalahan yang mendominasi adalah distorsi. Kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh subjek penelitian tersebut terjadi karena penderita disartria kehilangan kontrol atas otot-otot alat wicaranya yang mengakibatkan ketidakmampuan dalam mengartikulasikan ucapan dengan tepat. Under the License CC BY-SA 4.0 Copyright© 2024, ‘AJamiy dan Prodi Sastra Arab-UMGO 86 A. Introduction Language is a means of communication used by humans in interacting with each other. It is considered as the most perfect tool to convey thoughts and feelings, both regarding concrete and abstract matters1. Language can be interpreted as a tool for expressing feelings, thoughts and desires from one person to another, either in oral or written, directly or indirectly2. As social beings, humans really need to communicate with each other, whether it is children, teenagers, adults or even the elderly, all need to communicate with their social environment. Language has certain functions that are used based on human's needs. Those functions of language includes several aspects; language as a communication tool, language as a tool for self-expression, language as a tool for social integration and adaptation, and language as a tool for social control.3 Communication can be well established if someone can speak with good ability in a certain language. Language skills consist of four aspects, they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. People must have the ability of these four aspects in order to be skilled at language, and speaking skill is the most important aspect because it support other skills4. Language skills can be divided into two types, they are receptive and expressive. Receptive ability is a person's ability to understand other people's speech. While expressive ability is a person's ability to express the wishes to be conveyed through symbols or gestures that have been agreed5. Both language skills are the beginning of a good communication. By its nature, there are two kinds of language, namely: (a) Receptive (understood/accepted) for example: listening and reading some information, and (b) expressive (expressed) for example: speaking and writing information to be communicated to others6. A person's skills in language and speaking cannot be separated from several factors behind it. The first factor is the innate condition from birth (the intrinsic factor), including the organs involved in speech and language abilities. The second factor is the form of a stimulus that the child receives from his surroundings (the extrinsic factor) 7. The communication process that occurs is very complex. Yet, the process can be run well if the language has a role in describing a person's desires by expressing them to 1 masitoh Masitoh, ‘Gangguan Bahasa Dalam Perkembangan Bicara Anak’, Edukasi Lingua Sastra, 17.1 (2019), 40–54 <https://doi.org/10.47637/elsa.v17i1.105>. 2 Fildza Mawarda, ‘ANALISIS GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA PENDERITA CADEL (KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK)’, Vol 17. No 1 (2021), 44–52 <https://doi.org/10.15294/lingua.v17i1.27319>. 3 Gorys Keraf, Komposisi: sebuah pengantar kemahiran bahasa, Cet. ke-12 (ed. baru) (Ende, Flores: Nusa Indah, 2001). 4 Henry Guntur Tarigan, ‘Berbicara Sebagai Suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa’ (Bandung: Angkasa, 2015), p. 120. 5 Abdul Chaer, Linguistik umum, Edisi revisi, cetakan keempat (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2012). 6 Novi Luthfiyah, ‘UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN RESEPTIF DAN EKSPRESIF BAHASAANAK KELOMPOK B TK DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE YANG MENARIK’, Instruksional, 2.2 (2021), 62 <https://doi.org/10.24853/instruksional.2.2.62-70>. 7 Mawarda. Ajamiy: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab | Vol.13 No.1, Juni 2024 | 87 others through sound symbols. Language tools consist of spiritual and physical. This spiritual one is abstract including reason, mind, instinct and conscience. While physical is more real, concrete, and can be seen. The role of physical tool in communication is very important, it helps people to send and receive messages8 Physical tools indirectly include the processes that occur in an effort to carry out phonetic articulators and the process of producing language sounds9. This will involve the speech apparatus, the part of the human body that functions as a source of sound. It contained three parts, they are the oral cavity, the throat, and the body cavity 10. The speech apparatus can produce a variety of language sounds as likely as phonemes in the form o (...truncated)