Integration and innovation of blockchain in Web3.0: current status and standardization prospects

World Wide Web (2025) 28:7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-024-01319-7 Integration and innovation of blockchain in Web3.0: current status and standardization prospects Jia Xiangjuan1,3 · Fang Xinwei4 · Zhang Yijie1 · Yuan Heng6 · Chen Xiaofeng1,2,3 · Ge Wenfei1 · Liu Weinan5 · Huang Fanglei1 Received: 28 March 2024 / Revised: 15 October 2024 / Accepted: 18 November 2024 © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract In the Web3.0 era, which does not rely on any centralized organization and emphasizes user control, security, trustworthiness and the importance of data privacy, blockchain plays a key role. Its decentralization, security and trustworthiness and other characteristics have become Building the infrastructure of trusted interconnection and value interconnection in the Web3.0 era has laid the foundation for the development of Web3.0. With the development of Web3.0, blockchain technology itself is also continuing to develop. There are more and more researches on the integration and innovative development of blockchain technology with big data, artificial intelligence, metaverse, Internet of Things and privacy computing. In this context, the basic principles and characteristics of Web3.0 and blockchain technology are first explained, focusing on the decentralization, traceability and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain, and then an overview of the relationship between blockchain and The advantages of the integrated innovation and development of big data, artificial intelligence, metaverse, Internet of Things and privacy computing are analyzed.The standardization construction situation and future work prospects of the integrated innovation and development of blockchain technology under Web3.0 are analyzed. Keywords Web3.0 · Blockchain · Metaverse · Standardization 1 Introduction With the continuous advancement of technology and the evolution of the Internet, the era of Web3.0 has arrived. In the development process of Web3.0, blockchain technology obviously occupies a crucial position, laying a solid foundation for the development of this era [1]. Blockchain technology is not only the supporting technology for cryptocurrency, but also a revolutionary distributed ledger technology. Its basic principles and characteristics give it unique advantages in the Internet world. This paper will delve into the basic principles This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Data Security Governance Technologies for Web 3.0 Guest Editors: Hui Lu, Mikko Valkama, Yanhua LI, Shen Su, Qian Zhou and Hua Wang Extended author information available on the last page of the article 0123456789().: V,-vol 123 7 Page 2 of 24 World Wide Web (2025) 28:7 of blockchain technology, with a particular focus on its decentralization, immutability, and traceability characteristics, to reveal why it has become the cornerstone of the Web3.0 era. As time goes by, blockchain technology itself is also continuously growing and developing. It has not only become a carrier for digital currencies but also a key factor in the integration and innovation of big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and privacy computing [2–6]. This paper will outline the integration and innovative development of blockchain technology with these fields, emphasizing the advantages and development status of these interdisciplinary areas, as well as their role in driving Web3.0. Furthermore, ongoing attention will be paid to the standardization of blockchain technology integration and innovation in the context of Web3.0, discussing the critical role that standardization in this field plays in the promotion of technology adoption and application. Finally, the future development trends and possible research directions of blockchain technology in the Web3.0 era will be explored, aiming to bring more innovation and opportunities to the next Internet era. In this context, this paper will conduct an in-depth study of blockchain technology, exploring its key role in the Web3.0 era and its integration with other cutting-edge technology fields. The aim is to provide the scientific research and industrial communities with important insights and guidance on the future development direction of blockchain technology. 2 Blockchain and Web3.0 overview 2.1 Blockchain overview As the core supporting technology of Bitcoin [7], blockchain can build a trusted ecosystem without the need for a central authority. In the Chinese national standard GB/T42752-2023 “Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Reference Architecture” issued by China, blockchain is defined as “a distributed ledger formed by appending blocks confirmed by consensus in sequence using cryptographic techniques”. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed data structure composed of multiple blocks and hash pointers. Each block consists of a unique hash value generated by a hash algorithm, transaction records, metadata, and other related information. In addition to the genesis block, each block contains the hash value of the previous block and is linked to it through the hash value. This linking method benefits from the uniqueness of the hash value, forming an immutable chain-like structure. Any modification to the data would disrupt the chain-like structure, thus ensuring security. The distributed nature of blockchain allows data to be managed collectively by nodes in the blockchain network, without relying on any centralized institution. This makes the entire system highly decentralized and secure. Each participating node in the blockchain network can verify the validity of transactions and collectively maintain the integrity of the blockchain network. Additionally, the traceability and transparency of blockchain allow anyone to view and verify transaction records, ensuring the authenticity and credibility of data. Through blockchain technology, a more secure, transparent, and trustworthy mechanism for data exchange and sharing can be established, reducing intermediaries and trust issues and improving data security and efficiency. With further research and development, blockchain technology will play an increasingly important role in various fields, driving the development and innovation of the digital economy. 123 World Wide Web (2025) 28:7 Page 3 of 24 7 2.2 Web3.0 overview Web3.0 is often used to describe an Internet driven by decentralized networks, characterized by trustlessness, disintermediation, and the digitization of assets. It is a new generation of the Internet with blockchain technology as the underlying key technology, and digital production and digital consumption as the main economic form. Its main features include the use of the trusted collaboration, distributed execution, data protection, and asset circulation capabilities of distributed ledger technology to reconstruct the logic of Web2.0 applications. It further integrates information flow, business flow, and value flow, replacing existing Internet application servic (...truncated)