Improvement of the Accuracy of Transient Process Analysis in Complex Power Systems Using the Z-Transform Method

Problems of the Regional Energetics, Nov 2025

The main objectives of this study were to develop and comparatively analyze methods for digital modeling of dynamic processes in electrical power transmission lines with distributed parameters, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of simplified lumped parameter models against full models. The re-search aims to overcome limitations of simplified equivalent circuits that may lead to significant errors when analyzing transient conditions, system stability, and emergency situations. To achieve these objectives, the following tasks were accomplished: mathematical models of long lines were developed using operational methods based on Laplace and z-transforms; transfer functions in z-form were obtained for homogeneous lines without distortions and with distortions under different load types (matched and mismatched); for comparison, a simplified lumped parameter power line model was developed; computer simulation of transient responses was performed; and comparative analysis of results was conducted with calculation of absolute and relative errors. The most im-portant results include the identification of significant discrepancies in time delays and amplitudes of transient processes between models; detection of maximum absolute errors reaching 0.45 for matched load and 0.03 for mismatched load; and determination of conditions where the simplified model adequately describes the system. The significance of the obtained results lies in their ability to improve the accuracy of transient process analysis in power systems, provide selection of optimal modeling methods for specific engineering tasks, prevent errors in the design of relay protection and automation devices caused by inadequacy of simplified models, and establish foundations for developing more reliable algorithms for digital protection of power equipment.

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Improvement of the Accuracy of Transient Process Analysis in Complex Power Systems Using the Z-Transform Method

PROBLEMELE ENERGETICII REGIONALE 4 (68) 2025 Improvement of the Accuracy of Transient Process Analysis in Complex Power Systems Using the Z-Transform Method Shilin A.N., Shilin A.A., Dikarev P.V., Ngo D.T. Volgograd State Technical University Volgograd, Russian Federation Abstract. The main objectives of this study were to develop and comparatively analyze methods for digital modeling of dynamic processes in electrical power transmission lines with distributed parameters, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of simplified lumped parameter models against full models. The research aims to overcome limitations of simplified equivalent circuits that may lead to significant errors when analyzing transient conditions, system stability, and emergency situations. To achieve these objectives, the following tasks were accomplished: mathematical models of long lines were developed using operational methods based on Laplace and z-transforms; transfer functions in z-form were obtained for homogeneous lines without distortions and with distortions under different load types (matched and mismatched); for comparison, a simplified lumped parameter power line model was developed; computer simulation of transient responses was performed; and comparative analysis of results was conducted with calculation of absolute and relative errors. The most important results include the identification of significant discrepancies in time delays and amplitudes of transient processes between models; detection of maximum absolute errors reaching 0.45 for matched load and 0.03 for mismatched load; and determination of conditions where the simplified model adequately describes the system. The significance of the obtained results lies in their ability to improve the accuracy of transient process analysis in power systems, provide selection of optimal modeling methods for specific engineering tasks, prevent errors in the design of relay protection and automation devices caused by inadequacy of simplified models, and establish foundations for developing more reliable algorithms for digital protection of power equipment. Keywords: smart grid, transient processes, transfer function, wave impedance, equivalent circuit, recurrent algorithms, relay protection, system stability, z-transform, simulation model, modeling error. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2025.4-68.09 UDC: 621.315.1:621.391 Îmbunătățirea preciziei analizei proceselor tranzitorii în sisteme energetice complexe utilizând metoda de transformare Z Șilin A.N., Șilin A.A., Dikarev P.V., Ngo D.T. Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Federația Rusă Rezumat. Principalele obiective ale acestui studiu au fost dezvoltarea și analiza comparativă a metodelor de simulare digitală a proceselor dinamice în liniile electrice de transport al energiei electrice cu parametri distribuiți, precum și evaluarea preciziei modelelor simplificate cu parametri agregați în raport cu modelele complete. Cercetarea își propune să depășească limitările circuitelor echivalente simplificate care pot duce la erori semnificative la analiza condițiilor tranzitorii, a stabilității sistemului și a situațiilor de urgență. Pentru a atinge aceste obiective, au fost îndeplinite următoarele sarcini: au fost dezvoltate modele matematice ale liniilor lungi folosind metode operaționale bazate pe transformări Laplace și z; au fost obținute funcții de transfer în formă z pentru linii omogene fără distorsiuni și cu distorsiuni sub diferite tipuri de sarcină (adaptate și neadaptate); pentru comparație, a fost dezvoltat un model simplificat al liniei electrice cu parametri agregați; a fost efectuată o simulare pe calculator a răspunsurilor tranzitorii; a fost efectuată o analiză comparativă a rezultatelor cu calcularea erorilor absolute și relative. Cele mai importante rezultate includ: identificarea discrepanțelor semnificative în întârzierile de timp și amplitudinile proceselor tranzitorii între modele; detectarea erorilor absolute maxime care ating 0.45 pentru sarcina adaptată și 0.03 pentru sarcina neadaptată; determinarea condițiilor în care modelul simplificat descrie în mod adecvat sistemul. Semnificația rezultatelor obținute constă în capacitatea lor de a îmbunătăți precizia analizei proceselor tranzitorii în sistemele energetice, de a oferi selecția metodelor optime de modelare pentru sarcini inginerești specifice, de a preveni erorile în proiectarea dispozitivelor de protecție și automatizare cu relee cauzate de inadecvarea modelelor simplificate și de a stabili bazele pentru dezvoltarea de algoritmi mai fiabili pentru protecția digitală a echipamentelor energetice. Cuvinte-cheie: rețea inteligentă, procese tranzitorii, funcție de transfer, impedanță de undă, circuit echivalent, algoritmi recurenți, protecție cu relee, stabilitatea sistemului, transformată z, model de simulare. © Shilin A.N., Shilin A.A., Dikarev P.V., Ngo D.T. 2025 118 PROBLEMELE ENERGETICII REGIONALE 4 (68) 2025 Повышение точности анализа переходных процессов в сложных энергосистемах с использованием метода z-преобразования Шилин А. Н., Шилин А. А., Дикарев П.В., Нго Д.Т. Волгоградский государственный технический университет, Волгоград, Российская Федерация Аннотация. Основные цели исследования заключались в разработке и сравнительном анализе методов цифрового моделирования динамических процессов в линиях электропередачи с распределенными параметрами, а также в оценке точности упрощенных моделей с сосредоточенными параметрами по сравнению с полными моделями. Исследование направлено на преодоление ограничений упрощенных схем замещения, которые могут приводить к значительным погрешностям при анализе переходных режимов, устойчивости системы и аварийных ситуаций. Для достижения поставленных целей были решены следующие задачи: разработаны математические модели длинной линии на основе операторного метода с использованием преобразований Лапласа и z-преобразования, что позволило перейти от непрерывных передаточных функций к дискретным; получены передаточные функции в z-форме для однородных линий без искажений и с искажениями при различных типах нагрузки (согласованной и несогласованной); для сравнения была разработана модель упрощенной линии электропередачи с сосредоточенными параметрами; проведено комплексное компьютерное моделирование переходных характеристик с использованием специализированного программного обеспечения; выполнен детальный сравнительный анализ результатов с расчетом абсолютных и относительных погрешностей между разными типами моделей. Наиболее важными результатами являются: установление существенных расхождений во временных задержках и амплитудах переходных процессов между моделями, что особенно выражено в режимах несогласованной нагрузки; выявление максимальной абсолютной погрешности до 0.45 для согласованной нагрузки и до 0.03 для несогласованной; определение конкретных условий, при которых упрощенная модель адекватно описывает систему. Значимость полученных результатов состоит в том (...truncated)


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Shilin A.A., Dikarev P.V., Ngo D.T.. Improvement of the Accuracy of Transient Process Analysis in Complex Power Systems Using the Z-Transform Method, Problems of the Regional Energetics, 2025, pp. 118-130, Volume 4, DOI: 10.52254/1857-0070.2025.4-68.09