Variation in the shoot calcium content of angiosperms

Martin R. Broadley 0 Helen C. Bowen 0 Helen L. Cotterill 0 John P. Hammond 0 Mark C. Meacham 0 Andrew Mead 0 Philip J. White 0 0 Horticulture Research International , Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF , UK This study describes the variation in the mean relative shoot Ca content within the angiosperms at the ordinal level. Data were derived from studies in the literature in which the shoot Ca content of two or more species had been compared, and from a hydroponic experiment in which plants were selected to represent the relative number of species within each angiosperm order. Across all angiosperms, most of the variation in shoot Ca content occurred at and above the level of the order. Relative shoot Ca contents and variances correlated between literature and experimental data. In general, orders of commelinoid monocots had lower Ca contents than other monocot or eudicot orders. These results are used to illustrate how physiological and ecological hypotheses can be formulated using literature data. Introduction Materials and methods Soltis et al., 1999) was used to partition the variation in the Ca content of plant shoots. Literature survey Phylogenetically-designed experiment immediately covered to maintain humidity and to reduce algal growth in the gullies. Relative shoot Ca content Primary study number (full reference, Appendix 1) Apiales Apiales Apiales Apiales Apiales Asparagales Asparagales Asparagales Asparagales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Asterales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Brassicales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Alliaceae Alliaceae Alliaceae Asparagaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Amaranthaceae Carophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Anethum Relative shoot Ca content Primary study number (full reference, Appendix 1) Table 1. Continued Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Caryophyllales Cucurbitales Cucurbitales Ericales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Fabales Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Tamaricaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Primulaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Medicago Medicago Medicago Medicago Melilotus Melilotus Melilotus Ornithopus Ornithopus Phaseolus Phaseolus Phaseolus Phaseolus scutellata tornata tribuloides truncatula albus officinalis sulcatus compressus sativus atropurpureus lathyroides lunatus vulgaris Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Relative shoot Ca content Primary study number (full reference, Appendix 1) Stylosanthes Stylosanthes Stylosanthes Stylosanthes Stylosanthes Stylosanthes Stylosanthes Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Avena Bromus Bromus Bromus Bromus Cynosurus Dactylis Ehrharta Festuca Festuca Festuca Festuca Holcus strigosa inermis mollis rigidus willdenowii cristatus glomerata calycina arundinacea elatior pratensis rubra lanatus Table 1. Continued Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Ranunculales Ranunculales Rosales Solanales Solanales Solanales Solanales Solanales Solanales Solanales Solanales Zingiberales Zygophyllales Papaveraceae Ranunculaceae Cannabaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Zingiberaceae Zygophyllaceae Hordeum Hordeum Hordeum Hordeum Triticum Zea Papaver Delphinium Cannabis Capsicum Lycium Lycopersicon Nicotiana Nicotiana Petunia Solanum Solanum Zingiber Larrea distichum jubatum sativum vulgare hybridum multiflorum perenne rigidum sativa miliaceum dilatatum clandestinum arundinacea tuberosa pratense pratensis trivialis cereale bicolor viridula hexaploidae aestivum durum mays Relative shoot Ca content Primary study number (full reference, Appendix 1) Seed Germination Shoot fresh Shoot dry Shoot Ca weight to harvest wt wt content (mg) (d) (g) (g) (% dry wt) Alismatales Araceae Apiales Apiaceae Apiales Apiaceae Apiales Apiaceae Apiales Araliaceae Arecales Arecaceae Asparagales Agavaceae Asparagales Agavaceae Asparagales Alliaceae Asparagales Alliaceae Asparagales Amaryllidaceae Asparagales Asparagaceae Asparagales Asphodelaceae Asparagales Asphodelaceae Asparagales Hyancinthaceae Asparagales Iridaceae Asparagales Iridaceae Asparagales Iridaceae Asparagales Iridaceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Asteraceae Asterales Brunoniaceae Asterales Campanulaceae Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassicales Brassicaceae Caryophyllales Aizoaceae Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Caryophyllales Cactaceae Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllales Chenopodiaceae Caryophyllales Chenopodiaceae Caryophyllales Plumbaginaceae Celastrales Celastraceae Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Dipsacales Valerianaceae Dipsacales Valerianaceae Ericales Ericaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Fabales Fabaceae Gentianales Apocynaceae Gentianales Rubiaceae Gentianales Rubiaceae Gentianales Rubiaceae Lamiales Acanthaceae Lamiales Lamiaceae Lamiales Lamiaceae Lamiales Oleaceae Zantedeschia aethiopica Apium graveo (...truncated)