Antitrust—Robinson-Patman Act—No Salt Added: The Supreme Court Promotes Healthy Competition by Taking the Salt Out of the Robinson-Patman Act. Volvo v. Reeder-Simco, 126 S. Ct. 860 (2006).
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
Volume 29 | Issue 3
Article 7
2007
Antitrust—Robinson-Patman Act—No Salt
Added: The Supreme Court Promotes Healthy
Competition by Taking the Salt Out of the
Robinson-Patman Act. Volvo v. Reeder-Simco, 126
S. Ct. 860 (2006).
James Paul Purnell
Follow this and additional works at: http://lawrepository.ualr.edu/lawreview
Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, and the Securities Law Commons
Recommended Citation
James Paul Purnell, Antitrust—Robinson-Patman Act—No Salt Added: The Supreme Court Promotes Healthy Competition by Taking the
Salt Out of the Robinson-Patman Act. Volvo v. Reeder-Simco, 126 S. Ct. 860 (2006)., 29 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 625 (2007).
Available at: http://lawrepository.ualr.edu/lawreview/vol29/iss3/7
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ANTITRUST-ROBNSON-PATMAN ACT-No SALT ADDED: THE
SUPREME COURT PROMOTES HEALTHY COMPETITION BY TAKING THE SALT
OUT OF THE ROBINSON-PATMAN ACT. Volvo v. Reeder-Simco, 126 S. Ct.
860 (2006).
I. INTRODUCTION
"Judicial Activism" is a term frequently used in jurisprudential debates,
yet there is not a clear consensus on the definition of the term.' One form of
judicial activism occurs when a member of the judiciary invalidates a piece
of properly enacted legislation. 2 Scholars criticize this form of judicial activism because it gives credence to an elite minority's viewpoint, rather than
giving deference to the majority's will. 3 Another form of judicial activism
occurs when a judge refuses to follow horizontal precedent.4 Rather than
criticize this form of activism, however, scholars have deemed it an appropriate exercise of the judiciary's constitutional authority.5
In Volvo v. Reeder Simco, 6 the Supreme Court narrowed the breadth of
the Robinson-Patman Act ("Act"), 7 a seventy-year-old federal antitrust statute prohibiting price discrimination.8 Although the Court's decision is an
activist one, 9 the Court's activism is laudable because it overruled erroneous
horizontal precedent. 0 Ideally, the legislature should have corrected the
Court's error," but legislative action in this case was improbable due to public resentment toward large corporations. 2 Moreover, the complexity of
antitrust policies called for judicial action to ensure that the RobinsonPatman Act coincided with the broader goals of antitrust policy. 3
1. Keenan D. Kmiec, The Origin and Current Meanings of "JudicialActivism," 92
CAL. L. REv. 1441, 1443 (2004) (discussing how the definition of judicial activism varies
depending on the context in which it is used).
2. Id. at 1463.
3. See ROBERT H. BORK, THE TEMPTING OF AMERICA 17 (1991).
4. Kmiec, supra note 1, at 1467. The doctrine of horizontal precedent requires a court
to follow its past precedents. Id.
5. Id. at 1468.
6. 126 S. Ct. 860 (2006).
7. Margaret M. Zwisler, Volvo Trucks v. Reeder-Simco: Judicial Activism at the Supreme Court?, ANTITRUST, Summer 2006, at 40, 43.
8. See Discrimination in Price, Services, or Facilities, 15 U.S.C. § 13(a) (2006).
9. See Zwisler, supra note 7, at 43.
10. See discussion infra Part V.A.
11. Zwisler, supra note 7, at 43.
12. See discussion infra Part V.B.
13. See discussion infra Part V.C.
UALR LAW REVIEW
[Vol. 29
This note explores how the Court's decision in Volvo furthers the principle that the judiciary should correct flawed antitrust policy.' 4 First, the
note outlines the facts giving rise to the type of price discrimination claim
arising in Volvo. 5 Next, it examines the background of price discrimination
jurisprudence. 6 Following the background section, the Court's reasoning in
Volvo merits examination. 7 The note concludes by examining the significance of Volvo, specifically addressing
the desirability of judicial activism in
18
Volvo and future antitrust cases.
II. FACTS
Reeder-Simco ("Reeder") sued Volvo in February of 2000, alleging
that Volvo engaged in price discrimination by giving Reeder's competitors
greater price concessions than the price concessions given to Reeder. 9 To
provide a factual background for the Supreme Court's decision in Volvo,
this section reviews Reeder's relationship with Volvo, 20 the facts giving rise
to Reeder's lawsuit,2 and the decision of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals.22
A.
Reeder's History with Volvo
Reeder was a dealer of Class 8 trucks, selling exclusively Volvomanufactured trucks. 23 Reeder's agreement with Volvo assigned Reeder a
geographic area where Volvo would not place another dealer; however,
Reeder did not have the exclusive right to sell Volvo trucks in the area because Volvo dealers are allowed to sell trucks anywhere within the United
States. 24 Reeder signed a five-year franchise agreement with Volvo, with an
14. See discussion infra Part V.C.
15. See infraPart II.
16. See infra Part III.
17. See infra Part IV.
18. See infra Part V.
19. Reeder-Simco v. Volvo, 374 F.3d 701, 705 (8th Cir. 2004). Reeder's suit alleged
that Volvo violated the Robinson-Patman Act and the Arkansas Franchise Protection Act. Id.
at 704. This case note, however, is limited to the Robinson-Patman Act claim because the
Supreme Court's decision in Volvo addresses only the federal claim. Volvo v. Reeder-Simco,
126 S. Ct. 860, 865 (2006).
20. See infra Part II.A.
21. See infra Part ll.B.
22. See infra Part II.C.
23. See Brief of Respondent at 6, Volvo v. Reeder-Simco, 126 S. Ct. 860 (2006) (No.
04-905). Class 8 trucks are heavy-duty trucks weighing over 33,000 pounds. Id. at 4. Principal manufacturers of Class 8 trucks, such as Volvo, manufacture base trucks with various
component parts added to meet a customer's particular demand. Id.
24. Id. at 4.
2007]
ANTITRUST
automatic one-year extension if Reeder met Volvo's sales objectives.2 5 Volvo could terminate the agreement for cause or if Reeder failed to meet certain sales objectives.26
As a Volvo dealer, Reeder determined the customer's product specifications and then negotiated a wholesale truck price from Volvo. 27 Volvo
offered Reeder a wholesale price that was eighty percent of the retail price,
but Volvo could reduce the price further by granting certain price concessions. Volvo's district managers determined the size of the concession
Volvo was willing to offer based on the particular truck and the price of
similar trucks that the customer could consider instead of Volvo trucks.29
Once Volvo determined the price concessions, the dealer established the
customer's retail price.30 If the customer accepted
the dealer's retail price,
31
then the dealer purchased the trucks from Volvo.
Volvo had 146 authorized dealers during its alleged period of price discrimination. 32 During that time, Volvo enacted the "Volvo Vision," which
was t (...truncated)