OCAMS: The OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite

Space Sci Rev (2018) 214:26 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0460-7 OCAMS: The OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite B. Rizk1 · C. Drouet d’Aubigny1 · D. Golish1 · C. Fellows1 · C. Merrill2 · P. Smith1 · M.S. Walker3 · J.E. Hendershot4 · J. Hancock5 · S.H. Bailey1,2 · D.N. DellaGiustina1 · D.S. Lauretta1 · R. Tanner1 · M. Williams1 · K. Harshman1 · M. Fitzgibbon1 · W. Verts6 · J. Chen7 · T. Connors2 · D. Hamara1 · A. Dowd8 · A. Lowman6 · M. Dubin6 · R. Burt5 · M. Whiteley5 · M. Watson5 · T. McMahon2 · M. Ward2 · D. Booher9 · M. Read1 · B. Williams2 · M. Hunten1 · E. Little9 · T. Saltzman1 · D. Alfred2 · S. O’Dougherty6 · M. Walthall9 · K. Kenagy2 · S. Peterson1 · B. Crowther5,10 · M.L. Perry1 · C. See1 · S. Selznick1 · C. Sauve2 · M. Beiser9 · W. Black6 · R.N. Pfisterer11 · A. Lancaster9 · S. Oliver2 · C. Oquest1 · D. Crowley1 · C. Morgan1 · C. Castle12 · R. Dominguez2 · M. Sullivan2 Received: 22 March 2017 / Accepted: 13 December 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite (OCAMS) will acquire images essential to collecting a sample from the surface of Bennu. During proximity operations, these images will document the presence of satellites and plumes, record spin state, enable an accurate model of the asteroid’s shape, and identify any surface hazards. They will confirm the presence of sampleable regolith on the surface, observe the sampling event itself, and image the sample head in order to verify its readiness to be stowed. They will document Bennu’s history as an example of early solar system material, as a microgravity body with a planetesimal sizeOSIRIS-REx Edited by Dante Lauretta and Christopher T. Russell B B. Rizk 1 Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 2 Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 3 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 4 Ball Aerospace, Greenbelt, MD, USA 5 Space Dynamics Laboratory, Utah State University Foundation, Logan, UT, USA 6 College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 7 Baja Technology LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA 8 Lithe Technology LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA 9 Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA 10 Synopsys Optical Solutions Group, Pasadena, CA, USA 11 Photon Engineering, L.L.C., Tucson, AZ, USA 12 Hofstadter Analytical, Tucson, AZ, USA 26 Page 2 of 55 B. Rizk et al. scale, and as a carbonaceous object. OCAMS is fitted with three cameras. The MapCam will record color images of Bennu as a point source on approach to the asteroid in order to connect Bennu’s ground-based point-source observational record to later higher-resolution surface spectral imaging. The SamCam will document the sample site before, during, and after it is disturbed by the sample mechanism. The PolyCam, using its focus mechanism, will observe the sample site at sub-centimeter resolutions, revealing surface texture and morphology. While their imaging requirements divide naturally between the three cameras, they preserve a strong degree of functional overlap. OCAMS and the other spacecraft instruments will allow the OSIRIS-REx mission to collect a sample from a microgravity body on the same visit during which it was first optically acquired from long range, a useful capability as humanity reaches out to explore near-Earth, Main-Belt and Jupiter Trojan asteroids. Keywords OSIRIS-REx · Bennu · Asteroid · Imaging · Sample return · OCAMS Acronyms AAM APID A/D, ADC ATLO C&DH CCD CCM CDS CM CPU CTE DA DN DPU DRM DTCI DTM ECAS EPER EQM F/ FITS FM FOV FPGA FRED FSW FWHM GNC GSFC HGA IFOV IP ISO Asteroid Approach Maneuver Application Process Identification Analog-to-Digital Conversion Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations Command and Data Handling Charge-Coupled Device Camera Control Module Correlated Double Sampling Configuration Management Computer Processing Unit Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Detector Assembly Data Number Data Processing Unit Design Reference Mission Data Telemetry Command Interface Digital Terrain Model Eight-Color Asteroid Survey Extended-Pixel Edge Response Engineering Qualification Model F-Stop or F-number Flexible Image Transport System Flight Model Field of View Field-Programmable Gate Array Fred Optical Engineering Software Flight Software Full-Width-at-Half-Max Guidance Navigation and Control Goddard Space Flight Center High Gain Antenna Instantaneous Field of View Intellectual Property International Standards Organization OCAMS: The OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite L1 LED LGA LIDAR LPL LSF LVDS LVPS MapCam MDR MGA MHD MTF NASA NFPO NFT NIR NIST OCAMS OLA OSIRIS-REx OST OTES OVIRS Pan PAPL PCB PIL PSNIT PolyCam PRT QTH REXIS RMS ROI RTS RWA SamCam S/C S/N, SNR SDRAM SPI SRC TAG TAGCAMS TAGSAM Ti 6Al-4V TID Page 3 of 55 26 Lens 1 Light-Emitting Diode Low Gain Antenna Light Detection and Ranging Lunar and Planetary Laboratory Line-Spread Function Low-Voltage Differential Signaling Low-Voltage Power Supply Mapping Camera Minimum Detectable Radiance Medium Gain Antenna Motor/Heater Interface/Driver Modulation Transfer Function National Aeronautics and Space Administration New Frontiers Program Office Natural Feature Tracking Near-Infrared National Institute of Standards & Technology OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security–Regolith Explorer Optical Support Tube OSIRIS-REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer Panchromatic Project-Approved Parts List Parts Control Board Parts Identification List Point Source Normalized Irradiance Transmittance Polyfunctional Camera Platinum Resistance Thermometer Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen Regolith X-ray Imaging Spectrometer Root-Mean-Square Region of Interest Random Telegraph Signal Reaction Wheel Assembly Sample Acquisition Verification Camera Spacecraft Signal-to-Noise Ratio Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory Serial Peripheral Interface Sample Return Capsule Touch And Go Touch And Go Camera System Touch And Go Sample Acquisition Maneuver Titanium Alloy (Titanium, 6% Aluminum, 4% Vanadium) Total Ionization Dose 26 TVAC UA UUT UV VML Page 4 of 55 B. Rizk et al. Thermal Vacuum University of Arizona Unit-Under-Test Ultraviolet Virtual Machine Language 1 Introduction The sample-return mission of the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) must thoroughly characterize the near-Earth asteroid 101955 Bennu before being able to acquire a sample from a scientifically interesting location on its surface with minimal risk, either to the spacecraft or to mission success (Ajluni et al. 2015; Beshore et al. 2015; Lauretta 2015, 2016; Bierhaus et al. 2018; Lauretta et al. 2018). In addition, the mission team will map Bennu’s global properties, characterize its geologic and dynamical history, document the morphology and chemistry of the sample site, and determine Ben (...truncated)