Qualitative and quantitative determination of proteins in different biological fluids is of great significance in medicine, due to their importance in diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. Nowadays, different methods for protein analysis are available. Lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis is a relatively new technique, based on micro fluidics, which allows samples of biological...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second main cause of cancer-related death in the Western world and like many other tumors is curable if detected at an early stage. Current detection options include faecal occult blood testing and invasive direct visualization techniques such as flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and barium enema. The availability of a more simple, non-invasive...
The present study aims to evaluate the role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in thermal burns. A total of 18 patients of both genders with 20 to 50% total burn surface area (TBSA), admitted to the Burn Ward of JN Medical College and Hospital was assessed. These patients were subjected to general and systemic examinations. The sera collected at day 1, 2, 5 and 10 during...
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder, characterized by the presence of noncaseating epithelioid-cell granulomas. The etiology remains unclear, although it is recognized as a disease of activated T lymphocytes. There is a diverse range of possible presentations with respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, endocrine and other complications. The thyroid is an uncommon site of...
The effects of sepsis on the brain are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the serum levels of S100β protein in severe sepsis, as a biomarker of brain damage. The aim was to determine whether the levels of S100β are increased early, at the onset of sepsis, and if this protein is a good early predictor of outcome. We studied 30 patients with severe sepsis, divided into...
The IGF system of human placenta consists of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II, their receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6). Due to many structural and metabolic similarities with insulin, the IGF system cannot be examined separately from insulin and its receptor (IR). In this study gel filtration was used to detect solubilized membrane...
The present study deals with the quantitative assessment of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the sera of burn subjects. Efforts are also made here to show better predictive marker value of sera LDH, as a few other known protein markers like creatine kinase and myoglobin have limited analytical value in the management of thermal burns. Blood was initially collected at day-1 of...
The objective was to get insight into the role of executive apoptotic enzyme caspase 3 (CPP32) and regulatory anti apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the malignant pheno type of TCC. Samples were obtained from 84 TCC patients, who underwent transurethral resection, partial or radical cystectomy. Staging showed a superficial growth pattern in 41 patient, while other 43 showed invasive...
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism, with an average incidence of 1/10000 in Caucasians. PKU is caused by more than 500 mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) which result in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme deficiency. Two approaches, in vitro expression analysis of mutant PAH and genotypephenotype correlation study...
Intrathecal and/or high-dose intravenous administration of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has been associated with cases of mild to severe neurotoxicity. The pathogenic mechanism of neurotoxicity is not clear, possibly MTX-associated biochemical alterations of the folate and methyl-transfer metabolic pathways play...
Microplate array diagonal gel electrophoresis (MADGE) was invented for molecular genetic epidemiological studies. MADGE is a highly flexible, cost effective, microplate compatible solution to high throughput electrophoresis needs. It enables several thousands to million gel lines per day for direct assay of single-base variation in different capacity laboratories. Variants of the...
Multi component assays are a promising development in laboratory medicine. Reproducibility and standardization of the used technology is crucial for the quality of the results. In our laboratory several studies were carried out in a period of more than two years using the Randox Evidence Investigator. We applied the Cytokine & Growth Factors and Cell Adhesion Molecule Array from...
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors are the most frequently prescribed agents for HIV infections. This publication presents a validated, highly sensitive and selective isocratic HPLC method for the quantitative determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and its metabolite tenofovir. Detection was performed on a UV detector. The linearity for the calibration curve in the...
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. Among the parameters contributing to cardiovascular disease development is the elevated serum concentration of lipoprotein(a) diagnosed in these patients, especially in the terminal stage of CRF. However, an elevated concentration of lipoprotein(a) could influence the renal failure...
The four basic lipid indexes (Chol, Trig, HDL-C and LDL-C) increase during pregnancy, following different rates of increase. Among the four analytes triglycerides show the largest increase and HDL-C the smallest. All analyte values are raised during the 40 weeks of pregnancy, except HDL-C which is stabilized during the second trimester. After delivery the values decrease, except...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and other maternal and foetal complications of pregnancy. The aims of the study were to evaluate the serum lipid profile of women with GDM, and determine the number of women with GDM who have preeclampsia (PE). A retrospective study of 84 women with GDM and 90 pregnant women...
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a potentially lethal genetic disorder, which has pulmonary and liver manifestations. The standardized biochemical and molecular diagnostic protocol for detection of clinically relevant alleles is needed. The paper summarizes current concepts about AATD, describes the potentials of isoelectric focusing and PCR amplification-reverse allele specific...
Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered an independent risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. Mutation MTHFR C677T reduces the activity of methylene tetrahydrofolatereductase and may cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteine above 12 μmol/L), ho mocysteine level, and distribution of MTHFR C677T genotypes (C/C, C/T and T/T) are compared...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is predominantly an intraarticular inflammatory and autoimmune disease that involves different autoantibodies and effector mechanisms. The aim of the study was to determine the utility of Circulating Immune Complexes (CIC) and complement components (C3c, C4) as possible markers for the disease activity in laboratory diagnostics. In a cross-section study...
The thrombotic tendency in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) shares several pathways with atherosclerosis. Atherothrombosis (atherosclerosis superim- posed with thromboses) is influenced by nonmodifiable and some modifiable risk factors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, hyperhomocysteinemia). Therefore, we investigated the association among clinical and...
Glucocorticoid hormones are essential for life, have a vital place in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of common disorders. Their action is mediated by an intracellular receptor protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), functioning as a ligand-inducible transcription factor. Multiple synthetic...
Multi Parameter Analysis can open novel diagnostic opportunities for the early diagnosis and screening of multimodal diseases like cancer. Single proteins have so far failed to describe such complex diseases. Being able to screen with a set of analytes is one promising way to overcome the present limitations. Various marker identification tools including proteomics approaches...
Glycoprotein profiling at the level of cells, tissues and biological fluids is aimed at discovering new cancer biomarkers and also at finding specific cancer related structural alterations of known tumor markers. In this study we comparatively evaluated the glycoprotein patterns of human prostate cancer (PCa)- and normal human sera regarding sialylation and fucosylation as...