The first traces the production of numerous stone tools from the period of thePlio-Pleistocene represent a deep antiquity technical processes in the contextof human evolution. Determining cognitive ability needed to convey the firsthominids manufacture of stone tools is a challenge for the cognitive archaeology.Currently, thanks to archaeological discoveries and the developmentof...
Wilhelm Roux (1850–1924) was the follower of mechanical philosophy in biologicalrecognition. His research strategy focusing exclusively on the physicaland chemical rights should be considered as strictly scientific. Reductionistperspective of organisms by Roux as closed complexes and physiological activitiesoccuring in their range are in the completely new light of modern...
This paper argues that methods used in informal logic (sometimes called CriticalThinking) could be helpful in examining the arguments in discussionsbetween theists and atheists. Application of the techniques of informal logiccould reveal the substantive value of many commonly shared views about theism(and theists) and atheism (and atheists). The utility of applying informallogic...
There are (at least) two opposing concepts of biological information, or bioinformation,discussed in the modern philosophy of biology: genocentric (genebased)and holistic. As a main proponent of the former I consider British evolutionistJohn Maynard Smith and his teleosemantic theory of bioinformation.The latter was proposed by American philosopher Susan Oyama in the form ofso...
The article challenges the view that the Neo-Darwinian theory of evolutionis sufficient to explain the ongoing evolution. The classical evolutionary algorithmsbased on that theory suffer from the loss of diversity, stagnation andpremature convergence. The author claims that the cosmetic changes of thosetools are not sufficient to overcome this situation and the change of overall...
The paper is devoted to the discussion on ontological status of the computerprograms. The most popular conceptions are presented and critically discussed:programs as concrete abstractions, as quasi-particular objects (similar to musicalpieces), as mathematical objects (of different kinds), and finally – programas digital pattern. Advantages and disadvantages of those...
The aim of the paper is to present the underlying reason of the unsolved symbolgrounding problem. The Church-Turing Thesis states that a physical problem,for which there is an algorithm of solution, can be solved by a Turingmachine, but machine operations neglect the semantic relationship betweensymbols and their meaning. Symbols are objects that are manipulated on rulesbased on...
The article challenges the view that the Neo-Darwinian theory of evolutionis sufficient to explain the ongoing evolution. The classical evolutionary algorithmsbased on that theory suffer from the loss of diversity, stagnation andpremature convergence. The author claims that the cosmetic changes of thosetools are not sufficient to overcome this situation and the change of overall...
Wilhelm Roux (1850–1924) was the follower of mechanical philosophy in biologicalrecognition. His research strategy focusing exclusively on the physicaland chemical rights should be considered as strictly scientific. Reductionistperspective of organisms by Roux as closed complexes and physiological activitiesoccuring in their range are in the completely new light of modern...
There are (at least) two opposing concepts of biological information, or bioinformation,discussed in the modern philosophy of biology: genocentric (genebased)and holistic. As a main proponent of the former I consider British evolutionistJohn Maynard Smith and his teleosemantic theory of bioinformation.The latter was proposed by American philosopher Susan Oyama in the form ofso...
This paper argues that methods used in informal logic (sometimes called CriticalThinking) could be helpful in examining the arguments in discussionsbetween theists and atheists. Application of the techniques of informal logiccould reveal the substantive value of many commonly shared views about theism(and theists) and atheism (and atheists). The utility of applying informallogic...
The aim of this paper is very modest. First, we want to assess how differentstrategies of naturalization might deal with the need of using folk psychologyin legal domain. Second, we want to check whether folk psychology is indeedindispensable in the legal domain. Third, we want to describe possible problemswith one strategy of naturalization, i.e. radical naturalization with...
The history of relationship between faith and reason is marked by four modelsof the interaction between science and theology proposed by Ian G. Barbour:conflict, independence, dialogue and integration. Even if nineteenth-centurypositivism is still present in many scientists’ minds, philosophy of science eventuallymanaged to overcome it in the 1960s. A mutual distrust between...
The paper is devoted to the discussion on ontological status of the computerprograms. The most popular conceptions are presented and critically discussed:programs as concrete abstractions, as quasi-particular objects (similar to musicalpieces), as mathematical objects (of different kinds), and finally – programas digital pattern. Advantages and disadvantages of those...
In the article the author rejects traditional, logical interpretation of the famous“Is-Ought Paragraph” from David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature.He argues that most of the interpreters failed to grasp the wide philosophicalbackground of the IsOP, which is, generally speaking, a passionate discussionbetween ethical rationalists and ethical anti-rationalists in the 17th and...
In the popular works of charismatic scientists you can find messages which presentscientific code as the only appropriate way of speaking about reality. However,the history of science shows that strongly optimistic opinions about therole of the elements of the scientific system in the process of overcoming all theproblems of humanity are not a new phenomenon. From the...
Relations between theory and empirical knowledge belong to basic problemsin philosophy of science and have been undergone detailed philosophical reflection,including epistemological aspects. During last several dozen years,due to development of computer technology, numerical simulations becamea common tool in natural sciences. Their epistemological aspects, however,have not...
The article challenges the view that the Neo-Darwinian theory of evolutionis sufficient to explain the ongoing evolution. The classical evolutionary algorithmsbased on that theory suffer from the loss of diversity, stagnation andpremature convergence. The author claims that the cosmetic changes of thosetools are not sufficient to overcome this situation and the change of overall...
The aim of this paper is very modest. First, we want to assess how differentstrategies of naturalization might deal with the need of using folk psychologyin legal domain. Second, we want to check whether folk psychology is indeedindispensable in the legal domain. Third, we want to describe possible problemswith one strategy of naturalization, i.e. radical naturalization with...
Two different types of analog computations are discussed in the paper: 1)analog-continuous computations (performed physically upon continuous signals),2) analog-analogical computations (performed naturally by means of socalled natural analogons of mathematical operations). They are analyzed withregard to such questions like: a) are continuous computations physically implementable...
Achievements of Hans Driesch (1867–1941), German embryologist and philosopher,are contemporarily viewed almost exclusively from their later metaphysicalphase of development, while his earlier scientific experimental researchesare not appreciated sufficiently enough. They consisted in highlighting thespecifically totipotential character of biological, and especially of...
The paper is devoted to the discussion on ontological status of the computerprograms. The most popular conceptions are presented and critically discussed:programs as concrete abstractions, as quasi-particular objects (similar to musicalpieces), as mathematical objects (of different kinds), and finally – programas digital pattern. Advantages and disadvantages of those...