The Composition of Essential Oils From Two Varieties of Sideritis erythrantha var. erythrantha and var. cedretorum

Turk J Chem 25 (2001) , 201 – 208. c TÜBİTAK The Composition of Essential Oils From Two Varieties of Sideritis erythrantha var. erythrantha and var. cedretorum∗ Nurhayat TABANCA, Neş’e KIRIMER, K. Hüsnü Can BAŞER† Anadolu University, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre (TBAM), 26470, Eskişehir-TURKEY Received 17.09.1998 Water distilled essential oils from two varieties of Sideritis erythrantha: var. erythrantha and var. cedretorum, both endemic in Turkey, were analysed by GC/MS. The main components were characterized as α-pinene (16.3-19.5%) and sabinene (6.1- 10.4%) for var. erythrantha; myrcene (21.9-24.3%) and αpinene (11.4- 12.4%) for var. cedretorum. Introduction Sideritis (Labiatae) is represented by 46 species and 53 taxa in Turkey, 39 taxa being endemic (1-3). Sideritis species are widely used as herbal tea in Turkey. They are known by different local names and traditional uses in various regions of Turkey. Infusions of Sideritis species are used as stomachic, antispasmodic, carminative and taken for cough (4-9). Antispasmodic and antiinflammatory effects of some Sideritis species (10-12) have been reported. The aqueous extracts of five Sideritis species of Turkey have been found to have antidepressant and antistress activities in mice (13). Essential oil of S. congesta exhibited no significant analgesic action (14). Sideritis erythrantha Boiss. & Heldr. apud Bentham var. erythrantha is locally known as “Boz ot” in Isparta while, Sideritis erythrantha Boiss. & Heldr. apud Bentham var. cedretorum P.H. Davis is locally known as “Yayla çayı” and is used as herbal tea in Antalya: Alanya. In the present work, the essential oils of the varieties of Sideritis erythrantha were investigated for the first time. Experimental Materials Aerial parts of the plants were collected from the following localities. Voucher specimens are kept the Herbarium of Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University in Eskişehir, Turkey (Acronym: ESSE) ∗ Presented at the Proceedings of The 11 th Symposium on Plant Originated Crude Drugs, 20-24 Mayıs 1996, Ankara, Turkey † Author to whom correspondence should be addressed 201 The Composition of Essential Oils From Two Varieties of..., N. TABANCA, et al., Sideritis erythrantha var. erythrantha A: Isparta: Sütçüler, Çandır-Söğüt high plate, 1700-1800 m, in August 1993 (ESSE 10979) B: Isparta: Sütçüler, Çandır-Akçal (fire tower road) 1675 m, in July 1995 (ESSE 114887) Sideritis erythrantha var. cedretorum C: Antalya: Alanya, Çökele-Gökbel road, 1350 m, in August 1994 (ESSE 10701) D: Antalya: Alanya, Çökele-Gökbel road, 32 km from Alanya, 1275 m, in July 1995 (ESSE 11489) Distillation Air-dried aerial parts were subjected to water distillation for 3 h using a Clevenger apparatus. The percentage yields of the oils based on moisture free basis are shown in Table 1. GC/MS The essential oils were analysed by GC/MS using a Hewlett-Packard GC/MSD system. Innowax FSC column (60 m × 0.25 mm øwith 0.25 µm film thickness) was used with helium as carrier gas. GC oven temperature was kept at 60◦ C for 10 min and programmed to 220◦C at a rate of 4◦C /min and then kept constant at 220◦ C for 10 min to 240◦ C at rate of 1◦C /min. Alkanes were used as reference points in the calculation of relative retention indices (RRI). Split ratio was adjusted at 50 mL/min. The injector and detector temperatures were at 250◦ C . MS were taken at 70 eV. Mass range was from m/z 35 to 425. Library search was carried out using Wiley GC/MS Library and TBAM Library of Essential Oil Constituents. Relative percentage amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from Total Ion Chromatogrammes by the computerized integrator. Results and Discussion Essential oils were obtained from dried herbal plants by water distillation. The physicochemical characteristics of the oils and yields are given in Table 1. The results from GC/MS analyses are presented in Table 2. In the oils of Sideritis erythrantha var. erythrantha 67 and 68 compounds representing 87.8% and 92.5% of the total oils were characterized with α-pinene (16.3 and 19.5%) and sabinene (6.1 and 10.4%) as main constituents, respectively. In the oils of Sideritis erythrantha var. cedretorum 60 and 76 compounds were characterized making up 90 and 87.2 % of the oils with myrcene (24.3 and 21.9%) and α-pinene (12.4 and 11.4%) as main constituents, respectively. Six components making up 12.3-15.4% of the oils of var. erythrantha and three components making up 7.3-8.3% of the oils of var. cedretorum were not identified. Their MS values are given in Table 2. All the Sideritis species of Turkey have been collected by our group and their oils have been analysed. They can be classified into six groups, namely “monoterpene hydrocarbon-rich”, “oxygenated monoterpenerich”, “sesquiterpene hydrocarbon -rich”, “oxygenated sesquiterpene-rich”, “diterpene-rich” and “others”. 57% of the Sideritis species existing in Turkey belong to the “monoterpene hydrocarbon-rich” group as shown in Table 3. (15-31). Two varieties of Sideritis erythrantha are also included in this group. Table 4. illustrates the status of Sideritis species growing outside Turkey according to main components in their oils. Ambiguous conclusions have been indicated. The results show a clear correlation with those of the Turkish species in that 60% of the oils have been classified as “monoterpene hydrocarbon-rich”. 202 The Composition of Essential Oils From Two Varieties of..., N. TABANCA, et al., Table 1. Physical characteristics of the essential oils of Sideritis erythrantha varieties Plant material A B C D Yield % 0.39 0.49 0.70 0.56 Physicochemical properties d20 0.9500 0.9000 0.9591 0.9444 [α]20 -8.42 -7.70 -12.51 -14.82 [n]20 1.4820 1.4800 1.4840 1.4842 Table 2. Percentage composition of components identified in the oils of Sideritis erythrantha var. erythrantha and var. cedretorum Compound α-pinene α-thujene 1,3,5 cycloheptatriene camphene β-pinene sabinene myrcene α-phellandrene α-terpinene limonene 1,8-cineole β-phellandrene (E) -2-hexenal (Z) -β-ocimene γ-terpinene (E) -β-ocimene p-cymene terpinolene 1-hexanol 3-octanol nonanal perillen 1-octen-3-ol α-cubebene trans-sabinene hydrate α-copaene β-bourbonene benzaldehyde α-gurjunene β-cubebene linalool cis-sabinene hydrate octanol trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol methyl citronellate bornyl acetate trans-β-bergamotene β-elemene terpinen-4-ol RRI 1032 1035 1056 1076 1118 1132 1174 1176 1188 1203 1213 1218 1232 1246 1255 1266 1280 1290 1360 1393 1400 1429 1452 1474 1474 1497 1535 1541 1544 1547 1553 1556 1562 1571 1571 1591 1594 1600 1607 A 16.3 0.7 1.0 3.2 6.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.8 2.1 10.0 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.1 2.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.6 B 19.5 1.3 0.1 4.0 10.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.8 2.0 6.5 0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.8 C 12.4 3.7 0.2 24.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.2 < (...truncated)