Essential Oil Composition of Endemic Sideritis dichotoma Huter (Lamiaceae) From Turkey

Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 1, Sayı:2, 2014 ISSN: 2148-2330 (http://edergi.bilecik.edu.tr/index.php/fbd) Araştırma Makalesi/Research Article Essential Oil Composition of Endemic Sideritis dichotoma Huter (Lamiaceae) From Turkey Ömer KILIÇ1*, Eyüp BAĞCI, Gülden DOĞAN, Ebru YÜCE, ġükrü HAYTA, Azize DEMĠRPOLAT, Sinem ESER Abstract- Sideritis L. has a significant place among the other Lamiaceae genera owing to high percentage of endemism. The genus patterns are used as medicinal and herbal plants all over the world and Turkey. The plant is showed a strong antioxidant activities and it has diuretic effect. In this study, chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of Sideritis dichotoma Huter was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The essential oils yield is 0.3 (v/w). Thirty nine components were comprised the 96.7% of the total essential oil extracted from the plant sample. The predominant compounds of plant were determined as -pinene (28.5%), -pinene (22.5%), limonene (4.6%) and terpinene (4.5%). The results were discussed with the genus patterns in means of chemotaxonomy and natural products. Key words- Sideritis dichotoma, GC-MS, essential oil, -pinene, -pinene. I. INTRODUCTION In the Flora of Turkey Sideritis L. genus represented by 46 species and altogether 55 taxa, 42 taxa being endemic and this genus named „„Dagcayi or Adacayi” in Turkey [1]. Sideritis genus is divided into 2 sections in Flora of Turkey according to their habitus, hair, bracts and calyx structures; these sections are Hesiodia Bentham and Empedoclia (Rafin.) Bentham. S. dichotoma is belongs to Empedoclia section. Sideritis taxa are annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs, aromatic, pilose or tomentose, with or without glands, rarely glabrous and an endemic plant in Flora of Turkey [2]. A large scale examination program is ongoing in Turkey to investigate the taxonomical, morphological, anatomical, caryological, palinological and genetic aspects of the Sideritis taxa [3]. The presence of ecotype variation, polymorphism and frequent hybridation between Sideritis species, made more difficult to classify for a long time; the classification of Sideritis is based on mainly their morphological, caryological, palinological and genetical aspects but in recent years botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Sideritis taxa have taken place by some researhers [4-5]. The genus Sideritis is comprised by medicinal and aromatic plants widely used in folk medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antimicrobial, digestive, diuretic [6], anti-inflammatory [7], antispasmodic antibacterial, activities and often used as herbal tea and folk medicine in Turkey [8]. In the literature there have been some studies about essential oils of Sideritis taxa [9-10,5]. Most of the Sideritis taxa researched to date are richer in monoterpene hydrocarbons than in other terpenoid compounds [9]. In the present study, as a continuation of these studies we contribute to the knowledge of the essential oil compounds of aerial parts of S. dichotoma and to examine potential chemotaxonomic significance and potential usefulness of this plant. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Plant Material Plant sample was collected by Bagci (Bagci-3254) and Dogan from KürĢatlar (Baskil/Elazığ/Turkey) locality steppe, on June 2013, an altitude 1300-1350 m. Plant materials were identified with Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands [2]. The voucher specimens have been deposited at the Herbarium of department of Biology, Firat University (FUH). 1* Sorumlu yazar iletişim: Bingol University, Technical Science Vocational High School, Bingöl, Turkey 55 Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 1, Sayı:2, 2014 ISSN: 2148-2330 (http://edergi.bilecik.edu.tr/index.php/fbd) B. Isolation Of The Essential Oils The air-dried aerial parts of the plant material were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h. C. Gas Chromatographic (GC) Analysis The essential oil was analyzed using HP 6890 GC equipped with and FID detector and an HP- 5 MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., film tickness 0.25 µm) capillary column was used. The column and analysis conditions were the same as in GC-MS. The percentage composition of the essential oils was computed from GCFID peak areas without correction factors. D. Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis The oils were analyzed by GC-MS, using a Hewlett Packard system. HP-Agilent 5973 N GC-MS system with 6890 GC in Plant Products and Biotechnology Research Laboratory (BUBAL) in Firat University. HP-5 MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., film tickness (0.25 µm) was used with helium as the carrier gas. Injector temperature was 250 ºC, split flow was 1 mL/min. The GC oven temperature was kept at 70 ºC for 2 min. and programmed to 150 ºC at a rate of 10 ºC/min and then kept constant at 150 ºC for 15 min to 240 ºC at a rate of 5 ºC / min. Alkanes were used as reference points in the calculation of relative retention indices (RRI). MS were taken at 70 eV and a mass range of 35-425. Component identification was carried out using spectrometric electronic libraries (WILEY, NIST). The composition of the essential oil of plant sample is reported in Table 1. Table 1. Constituents of the essential oil of Sideritis dichotoma Compounds -thujene -pinene Camphene Sabinene -pinene -mrycene -phellandrene -3-Carene -terpinene p-cymene Limonene 1,3-6-Octatriene -terpinene -terpinolene 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl Nonanal Trans-pinocarveol Verbenol Pinocarvone Borneol 3-cyclohexan-1-ol -terpineol Mrytenol Trans-carveol -cubebene Thymol Caryophyllene Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene Germacrene D Naphtalene Bicyclogermacrene -amorphene -cadinene 1H-3a-Methanoazulene Cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate Spathulenol Muurolol Benzyl-Benzoate 2-Pentadecanone RRI* 1016 1021 1034 1052 1056 1063 1077 1084 1091 1093 1097 1116 1136 1138 1149 1176 1179 1192 1198 1203 1208 1215 1229 1231 1285 1297 1391 1416 1436 1440 1443 1456 1459 1466 1489 1493 1498 1594 1629 Total RRI*: Relative Retention Index 56 Sideritis dichotoma 1.5 22.5 0.2 1.8 28.5 1.5 0.8 0.6 4.5 3.5 4.6 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.4 2.5 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.3 1.6 3.1 3.9 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.2 96.7 Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 1, Sayı:2, 2014 ISSN: 2148-2330 (http://edergi.bilecik.edu.tr/index.php/fbd) III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this study, essential oil composition of S. dichotoma was researched by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield is 0.3 (v/w). The predominant compounds of plant were detected as -pinene (28.5%), -pinene (22.5%), limonene (4.6%) and -terpinene (4.5%) (Table 1). Sideritis taxa from Turkey classified into six groups by the major essential oil components; these groups were “monoterpene hydrocarbon-rich”, “sesquiterpene hydrocarbonrich”, oxygenated monote (...truncated)