Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five

© P. M. Latinoamericana ISSN 1688-4094 ISSN en línea 1688-4221 Ciencias Psicológicas 2018; 12 (1): 59 - 66 doi: 10.22235/cp.v12i1.1595 Spirituality and Personality within the framework of The Big Five Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five Viviana Lemos1 María Emilia Oñate2 Universidad Católica Argentina sede Paraná Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina 1, 2 1, 2 Abstract: The present study aimed at assessing, in our context, whether the previously mentioned constructs emerge as a distinct factor within the model of the Big Five. The study used a nonprobabilistic, intentional sample composed of 186 subjects between the ages of 18 and 28 years old from the city of Parana, Entre Rios, Argentina. Two exploratory factor analysis were performed. The results show that those aspects related to spirituality and religiousness - except for the subdimension connectedness - constituted an independent and non-redundant factor with the model of the Big Five. These findings, in line with other studies, enable to assess the role of spirituality and religiousness within a theory of personality, and thus provide a more holistic understanding of individual differences in human personality. Key words: spirituality, religiosity, personality, Big Five, sixth factor Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar en nuestro contexto, si la espiritualidad emerge como un factor diferente dentro del modelo de los Big Five. A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico, participaron 186 sujetos de entre 18 y 28 años, de la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de dos análisis factoriales muestran que los aspectos vinculados a la espiritualidad y la religiosidad, con excepción de la sub dimensión conexión, conformaron un factor independiente y no redundante con el modelo de los Big Five. Estos hallazgos permiten evaluar el rol de la espiritualidad y religiosidad dentro de una teoría de la personalidad que incluyendo este importante aspecto brinde una mirada más holística en la comprensión de las diferencias individuales en torno a la personalidad humana. Palabras clave: espiritualidad, religiosidad, personalidad, Big Five, sexto factor Received: 07/10/2017 Revised: 12/18/2017  Accepted: 02/28/2018 Work funded by the Teresa de Ávila School of the Argentine Catholic University, Paraná. How to cite this article: Lemos, V., & Oñate, M. E. (2018). Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five. Ciencias Psicológicas, 12(1), 59-66. doi: https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i1.1595 Correspondence: Viviana Lemos. Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) sede Paraná. Castelli 180, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, CP 3103, 0343-154157611, e-mail: . María Emilia Oñate. Piedrabuena 80, 4to “A”, Paraná, Entre Ríos, C.P. 3100, 0343-154157965, e-mail: 59 Ciencias Psicológicas 2018; 12 (1): 59 - 66 Introduction The study of personality has received much attention since the beginnings of Psychology until now and the production of knowledge about this construct is remarkable (Larsen & Buss, 2005; Yang & Chiu, 2009) representing one of the topics of greatest relevance to psychology since it is where the different areas and disciplines of our science converge (Hampson, 2000). This proliferation of studies observed in relation to personality construct, has not been similar in relation to spirituality and religiosity. Probably, due in part to the belief in the incompatibility between science and religion (Hill et al., 2000; Weaver, Pargament, Flanelly, & Oppenheimer, 2006), and on the other hand that spirituality and religion are often concepts discussed theoretical and empirically (Piedmont, 2001). As Piedmont (1999) comments, initial efforts have been directed towards the conceptualization and construction of instruments, and the questions have revolved around whether religiosity and spirituality are clear and distinct domains capable of capturing individual differences if these constructs can tell us something new about a person or if it is simply a grouping of known psychological variables. Piedmont together with different research teams (1999, 2009) has studied the role of the personality in the understanding of the constructs of religiosity and spirituality, finding that spirituality would be presented as a sixth non-redundant with the five great factors of personality, as well as it would have a predictive value above those in psychosocial variables. Brief theoretical frame Personality is one of the most studied topics in psychological science; this may be due to the influence of this construct on other variables such as vocational interests, depression, coping, wellbeing, quality of life, job satisfaction, including physical health and longevity (Benet-Martinez, et al., 2015). Currently the personality is conceived as a complex and specific psychological structure of each person, it is expressed by a particular way 60  Lemos and Oñate of feeling, thinking, valuing, behaving, perceiving, interpreting, and facing reality (De lasHeras, 2010). The personality develops from the interaction of biological and environmental factors (Millonand Davis, 2004), manifesting in individual differences that present a certain contextual and temporal stability (Maltby, Day, Macaskill, 2013). There are different theoretical frameworks for the study of personality, within these, the theory of traits and its operationalization is one of the most extensively tested approaches (Robins, Fraley & Krueger, 2009). From this perspective, personality can be understood as a pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that remains relatively stable throughout the life cycle (Costa & McCrae, 1980). Starting from the first taxonomies proposed by Allport and Odbert (1936), personality traits were grouped into different dimensions or factors, such as the sixteen factors proposed by Cattell (1950) or the three by Eysenck (1976). Subsequently, from the work of different researchers, among which the contributions of Goldberg (1981), Tupes and Christal (1961), and Norman (1963), emerge the Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM) (Costa & McCrae, 1980, 1992).At present, this model stands out among those that have gained greater acceptance and consensus(Cupani, Sanchez, Gross, Chiepa, & Dean, 2013; DePaula&Azzollini, 2013). This approach condenses years of study and factor analysis carried out with samples of different ages, sex and culture (Costa & McCrae, 1992). As result of these analyses,five factors have been obtained: Extraversion; Agreeableness; Conscientiousness; Neuroticism; and Openness (Goldberg, 1992). For this reason,we consider that the FFM of the Personality could serve as a safe point and useful reference for the development and evaluation of constructs such as religiosity and spirituality. Some researchers consider that spirituality and religiosity constitute a unique construct, since both involve the search for the (...truncated)