Prevalence of auditory changes in newborns in a teaching hospital

Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;16(2):179-185. DOI: 10.7162/S1809-97772012000200005 Original Article Prevalence of auditory changes in newborns in a teaching hospital Prevalência de alterações auditivas em recém-nascidos em hospital escola Valeriana de Castro Guimarães1, Maria Alves Barbosa2. 1) Epidemiologist. Doctor in Sciences of the Health. Responsible for the Service of Audiology of the Clinic of Otolaryngology HC/UFG. 2) Doctor in Nursing. Head Professor of the College of Nursing - UFG. Institution: Hospital of the Clinics of the Federal University of Goias. Goiania/GO - Brazil. Mailing address: Valeriana de Castro Guimarães - Hospital of the Clinics of the Federal University of Goias – Primeira Avenida - Clinic of Otolaryngology - University Sector - Goiania/GO - Brazil - Zip-code: 74605-020. - E-mail: Article received in June 20, 2011. Article approved in August 14, 2011. SUMMARY RESUMO Introduction: The precocious diagnosis and the intervention in the deafness are of basic importance in the infantile development. The loss auditory and more prevalent than other joined riots to the birth. Objective: Esteem the prevalence of auditory alterations in just-born in a hospital school. Method: Prospective transversal study that evaluated 226 justbeen born, been born in a public hospital, between May of 2008 the May of 2009. Results: Of the 226 screened, 46 (20.4%) had presented absence of emissions, having been directed for the second emission. Of the 26 (56.5%) children who had appeared in the retest, 8 (30.8%) had remained with absence and had been directed to the Otolaryngologist. Five (55.5%) had appeared and had been examined by the doctor. Of these, 3 (75.0%) had presented normal otoscopy, being directed for evaluation of the Evoked Potential Auditory of Brainstem (PEATE). Of the total of studied children, 198 (87.6%) had had presence of emissions in one of the tests and, 2 (0.9%) with deafness diagnosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of auditory alterations in the studied population was of 0,9%. The study it offers given excellent epidemiologists and it presents the first report on the subject, supplying resulted preliminary future implantation and development of a program of neonatal auditory selection. Keyword: precocious diagnosis, auditory loss, deafness, neonatal selection. Introdução: O diagnóstico e a intervenção precoces na surdez são de fundamental importância no desenvolvimento infantil. A perda auditiva e mais prevalente que outros distúrbios encontrados ao nascimento. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de alterações auditivas em recém-nascidos em um hospital escola. Método: Estudo transversal prospectivo que avaliou 226 recém-nascidos, nascidos em um hospital público, entre maio de 2008 a maio de 2009. Resultados: Dos 226 triados, 46 (20,4%) apresentaram ausência de emissões, sendo encaminhados para a segunda emissão. Das 26 (56,5%) crianças que compareceram no reteste, 8 (30,8%) permaneceram com ausência e foram encaminhadas ao otorrinolaringologista. Cinco (55,5%) compareceram e foram examinadas pelo médico. Destas, 3 (75,0%) apresentaram otoscopia normal, sendo encaminhadas para avaliação do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE). Do total de crianças estudadas, 198 (87,6%) tiveram presença de emissões em um dos testes e, 2 (0,9%) com diagnóstico de surdez. Conclusão: A prevalência de alterações auditivas na população estudada foi de 0,9%. O estudo oferece dados epidemiológicos relevantes e apresenta o primeiro relatório sobre o tema, fornecendo resultados preliminares para futura implantação e desenvolvimento de um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal. Palavras-chave: diagnóstico precoce, perda auditiva, surdez, triagem neonatal. Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., São Paulo - Brazil, v.16, n.2, p. 179-185, Apr/May/June - 2012. 179 Prevalence of auditory changes in newborns in a teaching hospital. Guimarães et al. about a study of carried through prospective transversal delineation in the maternity of the hospital in the CenterWest of Brazil, the period of May of 2008 to May of 2009. INTRODUCTION The concern with the hearing grows to each day, a time that the infantile deafness is considered a problem of public health. The illness attacks of one the three healthful neonates in each 1,000 births and approximately two the four in 1.000 babies of risk. The deafness is disease more prevalent (30: 10.000) related to the birth, when compared with other diseases as, for example, those detected with the heel prick, phenylketonuria (1: 10.000); falciform anemia (2: 10.000); hypothyroidism (2,5: 10.000) (1,2,3,4,5). In defense of the precocious detention of the auditory alterations, some programs of neonatal auditory selection had been developed. The American Academy of Pediatrics (1999) and the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2000) suggest that the Programs of Hearing Screening Neonatal (PTAN) carry through objective evaluation for electrophysiological measure, using the EOA and/or Evoked Potential Auditory of Brainstem (PEATE) (4,6,7). However, the examination of the PEATE presents high cost and demand much time for its application. Moreover, by needing personal specialized, it is not recommended as method of first line in the universal selection, although to be used in the evaluation of situations identified for other methods (3). The examination of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (EOAT) comes being widely used in everybody. The application most promising of the evoked emissions mentions its use to it as device of selection for the identification of auditory deficiency, especially in just-been born and suckling existing in the whole world. The examination of the EOAT is of easy use, objective, not invasive, fast, of low cost, makes possible the selection of a great number of children and is observed in almost all the normal ears (1,2,8). The evoked otoacoustic emissions are caught sonorous energies of low intensity in the external acoustic meatus in reply to a sonorous stimulation. The procedure does not offer damages, risks, discomfort; it is fast, painless, with high sensitivity and specificities to detect auditory alterations (1,2). From this perspective, this study has for objective esteems the prevalence of auditory alterations in just-born in a hospital school. METHOD After approval in a Committee of Ethics of a university hospital, initiated the present study. One is The population of reference for the present study, enclosed the just-been born ones that they had appeared for selection between May of 2008 to May of 2009. The collection of data occurred in the service of audiology of the hospital, where the responsible mother or answered to one anamneses, that she approached given relative to the health in the gestational and neonatal period, beyond spoon information on the presence or not of the pointers of risk for the deafness. It had been enclosed, in the sampling, children born in the maternity, of both the (...truncated)