The Effect of increasing leonardit applications on dry matter yield and some nutrient elements contents of rye (Secale cerale L.) plant

Eurasscience Journals Eurasian Journal of Forest Science (2018) 6(1): 44-51 The effect of increasing leonardit applications on dry matter yield and some nutrient elements contents of rye (Secale cerale L.) plant Aydın Adiloğlu1, Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Sevinç Adiloğlu1, Yusuf Solmaz1* Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tekirdağ/Turkey *Corresponding author e-mail: Abstract 1) This research was done determine the effect of increasing leonardite applications on dry matter yield and some nutrient element contents of rye (Secale cerale L.) plant. For this purpose a pot experiment was done in greenhouse conditions with three replications. Five leonardite doses (L0: 0 kg da-1, L1: 50 kg da-1, L2: 100 kg da-1, L3: 150 kg da-1 and L4: 200 kg da-1) were applied to pots before a one month sowing. Nitrogen (14 kg N da-1), phosphorus (8 kg P2O5 da-1 and potassium (5 kg K2O da-1) applied to the each pot as NH4NO3 and KH2PO4 form. Rye (Secale cerale L.) plants were harvested 60 day after planting and dry matter yield and some macro and trace element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of plants were determined. According to the results, statistically significant increases of dry matter yield of plants were determined with increasing leonardite applications. On the other hand, increasing leonardite applications on N and Fe contents of rye (Secale cerale L.) plants were found statistically significant at the level of 5 %. But the effects of leonardite applications on other nutrient element contents were not found statistically significant. Keywords: Leonardite, macro element, trace element, rye. Özet Bu araştırma artan miktarlarda leonardit uygulamasının çavdar bitkisinin (Secale cerale L.) verimi ve bazı bitki besin elementi içerikleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla sera koşullarında üç paralelli bir saksı denemesi yapılmıştır. Denemede beş doz leonardit (L0: 0 kg da-1, L1: 50 kg da-1, L2: 100 kg da-1, L3: 150 kg da-1 ve L4. 200 kg da-1) tohum ekiminden bir ay önce uygulanmıştır. Saksılara eşit miktarda olacak şekilde 14 kg N da-1, 8 kg P2O5 kg da-1 ve 5 kg K2O da-1 NH4NO3 ve KH2PO4 gübrelerinden uygulanmıştır. Çavdar bitkileri ekimden 60 gün sonra hasat edilmiş ve kuru madde miktarları ile birlikte bazı makro ve mikro bitki besin elementi içerikleri (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, artan miktarlarda leonardit uygulamaları ile birlikte çavdar bitkisinin kuru madde miktarı üzerinde önemli artışlar saptanmıştır. Ayrıca leonardit uygulamaları ile birlikte bitkinin N, Fe ve Zn içeriklerinde de istatistiksel olarak % 5 düzeyinde önemli artışlar belirlenmiştir. Leonardit uygulamalarının bitkinin diğer besin elementi içerikleri üzerindeki etkileri istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunamamıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Leonardit, makro besin elementi, mikro besin elementi, çavdar 44 Eurasian Journal of Forest Science 6(1):44-51 (2018) Introduction Today, the intense search for a solution to humanity’s nourishment problem has been going on. However, with the wrong agricultural applications, the sustainable soil fertility and natural sources have been severely destroyed. Moreover, with these incorrect applications, unqualified and unhealthy nutrient consumption has appeared to be a big problem. As a result, serious health problems have occurred. With the unconscious and excessive nitrogenous chemical fertilizer applications to cultigens, some macro and micro nutrient elements of the plant together with its yield and some biological characteristics are affected negatively. This causes the deterioration of the quality of the product and threatens the human health consequently (Addiscott, 2005). Besides the quality deterioration of the plant, soil quality and fertility are destroyed with the excessive chemical fertilizer applications (Gollany et al, 2004, Beman et al, 2005, Zand-Parsa et al. 2006). This causes the accumulation of the compounds that are dangerous for human health within vegetables (Ruiz. Et al. 1999). In a study in which TKI product has been used as a source of organic fertilizer, humic and fulvic acid by Gezgin et al. (Gezgin, et al. 2012), wheat, walnut, cherry, and olive plants have been growth and significant increases in yield and quality of the plants are observed. It has also been emphasized the necessity of the use of organic fertilizers on the lands of our country which have inadequate organic matter contents. Kumbul (Kumbul et al. 2000) who is working on algea extracts that have been used increasingly in agriculture, explained that thanks to the use of algea extracts by farmers high yield and quality have been gained especially in soybean, cauliflower, cucumber, tomato, potato and strawberry plants. In a research conducted by Alagöz et al. (Alagöz et al. 2006), the increasing doses of poultry manure, garbage compost and leonardite are applied. At the end of a seven-month incubation experiment which was made under greenhouse conditions, it has been concluded that these three organic materials have positive effects on soil’s organic matter amount, KDK value, salt and total N content, and pH levels, and these fertilizers should be used in agriculture. In a research in which the increasing doses of leonardite have been applied to wheat plant (Yazıcı, 2001), it is concluded that there are significant improvements in the plant’s yield and nutrient elements with the leonardite applications. In a study conducted by Yılmaz and Gülser plant (Yılmaz ve Gülser, 2012), the effects of Gidya and chemical fertilizer applications on pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) growth, some biological characteristics and some nutrient element contents have been analyzed. According to the results, significant increases in the plant fresh sprig weight, dry sprig weight, sprig length, number of leaves, fresh root weight, dry root weight and root diameter, and N, Ca, Mg, Fe, P and Mn contents have occurred. These increases have been considered 5 % significant statistically. In a greenhouse study (Karaman, 2012), the effects of the increasing doses of humic acid applications on tomato plant’s quality and yield were investigated. For this purpose, 0, 60, and 120 mg/kg doses of humic acid were applied to the plants. According to the results, significant increases in the nutrient element contents, dry matter amounts, and dry matter weight of tomato plant have occurred. In an experiment, the mineralized grape pulp as a source of humic acid has been applied to soils that have different chemical characteristics as 0, 4, 8 and 16 ton da-1 doses. According to the results which are gathered at the end of a six-month incubation experiment, the pH levels of the soils appear to be different from each other. However, the application of the increasing doses of grape pulp decreases the EC levels of soil samples, and enhances the organic matter amounts, total N, available P a (...truncated)