Sıradan İnsanın Şiirinde Günlük Yaşam Travmaları: Altı Şiir ve On İki Çeviri

RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Oct 2017

Trauma can be defined, in general terms, as an emotional collapse resulting from a disagreeable, disquieting, or depressing event or series of events; gloomy and mournful experiences; a loss, an absence, or a deprivation; a severe, unexpected, and undesired transformation in life; or a physical injury that may have short- or long-term, implicit or explicit impacts on people experiencing it. On the other hand, all negative experiences may not necessarily cause a trauma effect on every individual. The absence or presence of a trauma effect, as well as its extent may depend on the intensity of the experience and the extent of the resistance and persistence of those having to cope with it both at the time of the experience and later. Trauma may be experienced individually or collectively. Sometimes, trauma experienced by an individual may undermine and unsettle the entire family or close friends and relatives, whereas sometimes, these people may be the cause of the individual’s trauma. Trauma may also be treated in a much broader context, devastating an entire community over generations, because of historical, geographical, political, or sociological causes or other factors. As a result, trauma may have temporary or permanent, long- or short-lasting impacts on individuals as well as communities. On the other hand, although trauma may not always be easily noticeable from outside, it may be considered a part of life. It is, therefore, directly or indirectly present in the literary products of any language. This study analyzes and compares explicit or implicit traces of trauma from the Garip movement in Turkish poetry and their English, French and German translations, using a set of questions formulated by Sandra May Adams (2017). As a part of the analysis, the translations are treated based on André Lefevere’s classification of the seven strategies that can be adopted while translating poetry. By concurrently reading the source and target poems, the extent to which signs of trauma are reflected in the target poems is discussed based on the particularities of the source poems acting as a factor.

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Sıradan İnsanın Şiirinde Günlük Yaşam Travmaları: Altı Şiir ve On İki Çeviri

RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 2017.9 (Ekim)/ 113 Sıradan İnsanın Şiirinde Günlük Yaşam Travmaları: Altı Şiir ve On İki Çeviri / D. Tuna (113-127. s.) Traumas of Everyday Life in Common People’s Poetry: Six Poems and Twelve Translations1 Didem TUNA2 Abstract Trauma can be defined, in general terms, as an emotional collapse resulting from a disagreeable, disquieting, or depressing event or series of events; gloomy and mournful experiences; a loss, an absence, or a deprivation; a severe, unexpected, and undesired transformation in life; or a physical injury that may have short- or long-term, implicit or explicit impacts on people experiencing it. On the other hand, all negative experiences may not necessarily cause a trauma effect on every individual. The absence or presence of a trauma effect, as well as its extent may depend on the intensity of the experience and the extent of the resistance and persistence of those having to cope with it both at the time of the experience and later. Trauma may be experienced individually or collectively. Sometimes, trauma experienced by an individual may undermine and unsettle the entire family or close friends and relatives, whereas sometimes, these people may be the cause of the individual’s trauma. Trauma may also be treated in a much broader context, devastating an entire community over generations, because of historical, geographical, political, or sociological causes or other factors. As a result, trauma may have temporary or permanent, long- or short-lasting impacts on individuals as well as communities. On the other hand, although trauma may not always be easily noticeable from outside, it may be considered a part of life. It is, therefore, directly or indirectly present in the literary products of any language. This study analyzes and compares explicit or implicit traces of trauma from the Garip movement in Turkish poetry and their English, French and German translations, using a set of questions formulated by Sandra May Adams (2017). As a part of the analysis, the translations are treated based on André Lefevere’s classification of the seven strategies that can be adopted while translating poetry. By concurrently reading the source and target poems, the extent to which signs of trauma are reflected in the target poems is discussed based on the particularities of the source poems acting as a factor. Key words: Garip Movement, Orhan Veli, Trauma, Sandra May Adams, André Lefevere. Sıradan İnsanın Şiirinde Günlük Yaşam Travmaları: Altı Şiir ve On İki Çeviri Öz Travma genel anlamda hoş olmayan, huzur bozan, kasvet veren olay ya da olaylar; kedere ve ve yasa neden olan yaşantılar; bir kayıp, bir yokluk ya da yoksunluk; yaşamın akışı içinde ağır, beklenmeyen ve istenmeyen bir dönüşüm ya da bedensel bir hasar sonucu ortaya çıkan, maruz kalan kişi üzerinde kısa ya da uzun vadeli, örtük ya da açık etkileri bulunan duygusal bir yıkım olarak tanımlanabilir. Diğer yandan, her olumsuz deneyim her bireyde mutlaka travma etkisine neden olmayabilir. Travma etkisinin söz konusu olması ya da olmaması ve varsa etkinin boyutu, yaşanan deneyimin şiddetine ve travma ile başa çıkmak zorunda olanların olay anı ile sonrasındaki dayanma ve direnme gücüne göre 1 2 Part of this study was presented under the title “Translations of Trauma from Turkish Poetry”. at the 16th International Cultural Studies Symposium, “Narratives of Trauma” in Ege University, during May 10-12, 2017. Yrd. Doç. Dr., İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi, İngilizce Mütercim Tercümanlık Bölümü, [Makale kayıt tarihi: 13.10.2017-kabul tarihi: 20.10.2017]; DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.347568 Adres Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, Kayalı Kampüsü-Kırklareli/TÜRKİYE e-posta: Adress1 Kırklareli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Kayalı Campus-Kırklareli/TURKEY e-mail: 1 1 4 / R u m e l i D E J o u r na l o f La n g u a g e a nd L i t er a t u r e S t u d i e s 2 0 1 7 . 9 ( O c t o b e r ) Traumas of Everyday Life in Common People’s Poetry: Six Poems and Twelve Translations / D. Tuna (p. 113-127) değişebilir. Travma, bireysel olduğu gibi, toplu olarak da yaşanabilir. Kimi zaman bireyin yaşadığı bir travma ailenin tümünü, yakın arkadaş çevresini ve akrabalarını yıkıp, düzenlerini bozarken, kimi zaman da bu kişiler bireyin yaşadığı travmanın sorumlusu olabilirler. Travma, bir topluluğu nesiller boyu tarihsel, coğrafi, siyasi ve sosyolojik nedenlerle ya da başka etkenlerle harap etmesi yönüyle, daha geniş bir bağlamda da ele alınabilir. Sonuç olarak, travmanın birey ya da toplum üzerinde geçici ya da kalıcı, uzun ya da kısa süren etkileri olduğundan söz edilebilir. Öte yandan, her ne kadar travma her zaman dışarıdan fark edilemese de yaşamın bir parçası olarak düşünülebilir; bu nedenle de her dilin edebiyatında doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak yer alır. Bu çalışmada travmaya ilişkin açık ya da örtük örnekler, Türk şiirinde Garip Akımı kapsamında yazılmış altı şiir ile bu şiirlerin İngilizce, Fransızca ve Almanca çevirileri üzerinden, Sandra May Adams (2017) tarafından travma okumalarına yönelik olarak derlenmiş sorular ışığında çözümlenip karşılaştırılmaktadır. Çözümlemenin bir parçası olarak, çeviriler André Lefevere tarafından şiir çevirisine yönelik olarak tanımlanan yedi strateji çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Kaynak ve erek şiirler birlikte okunurken, travmaya ilişkin göstergelerin erek şiirlere ne derece yansıtıldığı, özgün şiirlerin özellikleri üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Garip Akımı, Orhan Veli, Travma, Sandra May Adams, André Lefevere. 1. Introduction For Cathy Caruth, “in its most general definition, trauma describes an overwhelming experience of sudden or catastrophic events in which the response to the event occurs in the often delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations or other intrusive phenomena” (1996: 11). Although the choice of vocabulary in this definition seems to reflect less manageable and more severe types of traumatization, trauma may also be experienced in the form of negative but less obvious and more manageable scenarios as a part of daily life, as in the case of the slight traces left in the poems constituting the corpus of this study. In fact, Caruth maintains that “there is no firm definition for trauma, which has been given various descriptions at different times and under different names” (1996: 117). Actually, trauma can be aligned with many concepts, such as shock, collapse, injury, wound, suffering, loss or fear of losing, connected with and experienced in everyday life, in any way, at any rate, by anybody, at one time or another during life. In this sense, trauma may be considered an inevitable part of life, although its presence or intensity may depend on the gravity of the experience, and its impact may vary from person to person. This study traces the reflections of trauma in literature through the p (...truncated)


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Didem Tuna. Sıradan İnsanın Şiirinde Günlük Yaşam Travmaları: Altı Şiir ve On İki Çeviri, RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2017, pp. 113-127, DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.347568