Pre-sowing bacteria treatment and chemical fertilization application impact on productivity and yield quality of hulles (Avena nuda) and hulled oats (Avena sativa)

Original scientific paper Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2019, 20(3), p.866-875 DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/20.3.2296 Pre-sowing bacterial treatment and chemical fertilizer application impact on yield capacity and grain quality of hulless (Avena nuda L.) and hulled oats (Avena sativa L.) Volodymyr ILCHENKO1 (✉), Volodymyr TROTSENKO1, Halyna ZHATOVA2, Ihor KOVALENKO2 1 Sumy National Agrarian University, Agrotechnology and Natural Resources Faculty, Plant Production Department, 160 G. Kondratieva Str., Sumy, Ukraine 2 Sumy National Agrarian University, Agrotechnology and Natural Resources Faculty, Ecology and Botany Department, 160 G. Kondratieva Str., Sumy, Ukraine ✉ Corresponding author: ABSTRACT The problems of introduction into practice of intensive oats cultivation technologies in the North-Eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been considered. The oats plant yield capacity depends on mineral nutrition optimization. It was defined that hulless oat cultivars have more expressed response level of yield capacity on pre-sowing treatment with composition of Diazophyt and Microhumin bacterial fertilizers, that allows to reach closer to the level of hulled oat yield. The highest crop yield (for all cultivars) provided by combination of pre-sowing treatment with Diazophyt + Microhumin composition and application of N60P60K60 with foliar nutrition in tillering and panicle forming phase by Nutrivant Plus (2 kg/ha) + Urea (46.2%) 30 kg/ha. The maximum additional yield was fixed in Salomon cultivar with presowing Diazophyt + Microhumin treatment (+0.73-0.75 t/ha). Vegetative development and yield capacity of oats cultivars in the experiment revealed the group reaction dynamics on pre-sowing treatment, doses and ways of fertilizer application under conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The oat cultivar reaction specifies on optimization of zonal growing technologies for hulled and hulless cultivars. Thus, it is considered the possibility of increasing crop yield by improving of cultivation technology separately in the context of hulless and hulled groups of cultivars. Keywords: fertilizers, hulled cultivars, hulless cultivars, oats, pre-sowing treatment, yield INTRODUCTION Oats is one of the principal cereals in the world and it is characterized by great potential. Oats (Avena sativa L.) are marked by high nutritional quality, there are lots of proteins, fats, starch and fiber in its seeds (Hartman et al., 1983; Matros et al., 2005). Its grain surpasses other Recently the hulless oats has become more suitable crop due to the absence of grain hulls. Other advantages of hulless cultivars are more balanced chemical composition of grain and quantitative yield parameters compared to hulled ones. (Cuddeford, 1990; Zhao et al., 2011; Ma et al., 2012). crops in many qualitative indicators. Oats grains are used The oats plant yield capacity depends on mineral for making cereals, flakes, flour, lozenges, cookies, coffee nutrition optimization. The efficiency of chemical fertilizer drinks and diet foods (Burrows, 2005). It is applied in the application due to its dose and form, soil conditions and pharmaceutical industry as well. (Coffman, 1964; Welch, content of nutrients (Ohm, 1976; Helin et al., 2006). 1995). Chemical fertilizers are important factor not only for 866 Original scientific paper DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/20.3.2296 Ilchenko et al.: Pre-sowing bacteria treatment and chemical fertilization application impact... increasing the oats yield, but for improving the grain humidity, frequent droughts. The average sum of active quality as well. (Mahli et al., 1987; Marshall et al., 1987; temperatures above +10 °C (April-August) is 2,568 °C, Mohr et al., 2007). precipitations - 294 mm, and the hydrothermal coefficient The use of bacterial fertilizers is one of the main conditions for achieving stability of agroecosystems under environmental stress and low availability of resources (Weller, 1983). Thus, under favorable conditions, bacteria are able to provide the plant with nitrogen. The use of phosphorus mobilizable bacteria increases the amount of dissolved phosphates in the soil. The application of bacterial fertilizers with chemical ones increases the yield capacity of plants, promotes their better growth and development, provides increasing groats grain yield (Merriman et al., 1974; Izsáki, 2004; Gupta et al., 2017). North-East Forest-Steppe region is the area of Ukraine where there are opportunities for increasing the oats yield due to the effective use of agro-climatic potential and modern intensification methods. To complete the is 1.21. Weather conditions during the years of research differed a little bit in the temperature regime, amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation, but in general they were typical for the zone of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Potato was the preceding crop in rotation. Way of sowing – in rows (15 cm width), depth of sowing – 4-5 cm. The seeding rate was 550 seeds/m2 for hulless cultivars, 500 seeds/m2 for hulled cultivars. One plot area was 14.4 m2. The experimental design included the following factors and their variants (Table 1). Placement of variants was systematic, in fourfold replicates. The factorial experiment formula was N = LA × LB × LC × n = 5 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 320. task, it is necessary to do research on determining the optimal impact of chemical and bacterial fertilizers on the Diazophyt (D) is the type of bacterial fertilizer for the growth, development and yield capacity of hulless and pre-sowing seed treatment of cereal crops. It is based on hulled oats cultivars. nitrogen fixing bacterium Agrobacterium radiobacter. The MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were carried out for three-year vegetative seasons (2015-2017) in the North-Eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the experimental fields of the Sumy National Agrarian University (SNAU), meeting generally accepted requirements and recommendations for experiments in Ukraine (Yeshchenko et al., 2005). The soil of the experimental plot is chernozem with a typical heavy-loam medium-humus, which is characterized by the following indicators: the humus content in the arable layer – 4%, the reaction of the soil is close to neutral (pH 6.5), the content of easily hydrated nitrogen – 9 mg, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium – 14 mg and 6.7 mg per 100 g of soil, respectively. This type of soil is typical for significant part of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine. The climate of the region is continental, characterized by unevenly distributed precipitation, medium air action of microorganisms is multifaceted: supplying the plants with bounded nitrogen, increasing the energy of seeds germination, forming the better developed root system, intensifying the use of nutrients, increasing the resistance of plants to diseases, growth the content of essential amino acids. Microhu (...truncated)