Increased antioxidant quality versus lower quantity of high density lipoprotein in benign prostatic hyperplasia

J Med Biochem 2015; 34 (4) DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2014-0053 UDK 577. 1 : 61 ISSN 1452-8258 J Med Biochem 34: 455–459, 2015 Original paper Originalni nau~ni rad INCREASED ANTIOXIDANT QUALITY VERSUS LOWER QUANTITY OF HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA POVE]ANI ANTIOKSIDANTNI KVALITET NASPRAM MANJEG KVANTITETA LIPOPROTEINA VELIKE GUSTINE U BENIGNOJ HIPERPLAZIJI PROSTATE Ozgur Aydin1, Hamit Yasar Ellidag2, Esin Eren3, Nurullah Ay4, Soner Yalçınkaya5, Necat Yilmaz2 1Clinical Biochemistry, Batman Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Ministry of Health, Batman, Turkey 2Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey 3Clinical Biochemistry, Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey 4Clinical Biochemistry, Tatvan Military Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey 5Urology Clinic of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey Summary Kratak sadr`aj Background: Oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of every human disease. To understand its possible role in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we measured the overall oxidative status of patients with BPH and the serum activity of the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-related antioxidant enzymes paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE). Methods: Fifty-six urology outpatient clinic patients with BPH (mean age 64±8.6 years) were prospectively included in the study. Forty volunteer healthy controls from the laboratory staff (mean age 62±10 years) were enrolled for comparison. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), PON1, ARE, and HDL levels were measured by commercially available, ready-to-use kits. Results: Serum TAS and HDL levels were significantly lower in the BPH group than in the control group (P=0.004 and P=0.02, respectively). No significant between-group differences were observed for TOS levels or PON1 and ARE enzyme activities (P=0.30, P=0.89, and P=0.74, respectively). In the BPH group, the calculated parameters PON1/HDL and ARE/HDL were significantly higher (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings agree with the previous reports of impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance in BPH patients. The activities of HDL-related enzymes between groups with sig- Uvod: Oksidativni stres mo`e biti uklju~en u patogenezu svake ljudske bolesti. Da bismo bolje razumeli njegovu potencijalnu ulogu u benignoj hiperplaziji prostate (BHP), merili smo ukupan oksidativni status pacijenata sa BHP i aktivnost u serumu antioksidantnih enzima povezanih sa lipoproteinom visoke gustine (LVG), paraoksonaze 1 (PON1) i arilesteraze (ARE). Metode: Pedeset {est ambulantnih pacijenata sa BHP (prose~ne starosti 64±8,6 godina) prospektivno je uklju~eno u ovu studiju. ^etrdesetoro zdravih ispitanika, dobrovoljaca iz redova laboratorijskog osoblja (prosek starosti 62±10) tako|e je uklju~eno radi pore|enja. Ukupni antioksidantni status (UAS), ukupni oksidantni status (UOS), nivoi PON1, ARE i LVG u serumu mereni su pomo}u komercijalno dostupnih test paketa. Rezultati: Nivoi UAS i LVG u serumu bili su zna~ajno ni`i u grupi sa BHP nego u kontrolnoj grupi (P=0,004 i P=0,02). Nisu uo~ene zna~ajne razlike izme|u grupa za nivoe UOS ili aktivnosti enzima PON1 i ARE (P=0,30, P=0,89 i P=0,74). Izra~unati parametri PON1/LVG i ARE/LVG bili su zna~ajno vi{i (P=0,02 i P=0,04) u grupi sa BHP. Zaklju~ak: Na{i nalazi sla`u se s prethodnim izve{tajima o poreme}enoj oksidantnoj/antioksidantnoj ravnote`i kod pacijenata sa BHP. Aktivnosti enzima povezanih sa LVG izme|u grupa sa zna~ajno razli~itim nivoima LVG mogu da Address for correspondence: Ozgur Aydin Batman Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Ziya Gökalp Mah. SSK Cad. 72000, Batman, Turkey Telephone: +905432357629 Fax: +902422494462 e-mail: ozgurchemªyahoo.com 456 Aydin et al.: Increased PON&ARE/HDL as a modification in BPH nificantly different HDL levels may be deceptive; adjusted values may help to reach more accurate conclusions. zavaraju; prilago|ene vrednosti pomo}i }e da se do|e do ta~nijih zaklju~aka. Key words: oxidative stress, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, adjusted paraoxonase and arylesterase, HDL functionality, metabolic syndrome Klju~ne re~i: oksidativni stres, ukupni antioksidantni status, ukupni oksidantni status, prilago|ena paraoksonaza i arilesteraza, funkcionalnost LVG, metaboli~ki sindrom Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant overgrowth of prostatic glandular and stromal tissue. The area where the prostate surrounds the urethra is the main cause of clinical manifestations. Enlargement of the gland mechanically blocks the free flow of urine. Depending on the degree of obstruction, patients suffer from highly variable symptoms, collectively called »lower urinary tract symptoms«. BPH is a major concern in the 21st century, a time with the largest senior population in human history. The prostate normally enlarges to some degree in all men with advancing age. Some men with histologically proven BPH have no clinical complications, whereas others experience changes in voiding patterns that lead them to seek medical care and may require surgical treatment. BPH is apparently a chronic indolent disease that manifests over a span of decades (1). Reviews of medical records show evidence of a dramatic rise in the prevalence of histologically proven BPH from approximately 8% of men in their third decade to approximately 90% by their ninth decade. Oxidative stress is a natural consequence of the use of molecular oxygen. Every human disease is associated with oxidative stress in some way. The human body fortunately is equipped with numerous endogenous scavenging systems. High density lipoprotein (HDL) possesses well-known atheroprotective and antioxidative properties (2). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme esterase that may contribute to the antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic capabilities of the particle (3). PON1 and PON1-arylesterase (ARE) are two different enzymes. Previous studies have shown that a single gene product in human serum has ARE and PON1 activities. Serum PON1 acts in conjunction with ARE to function as a single enzyme (4). It is challenging to measure the overall oxidative status in the body; however, several advances have been made. Commercially available laboratory kits have replaced measurements that are time consuming, expensive, or require complicated techniques. The total antioxidant status (TAS) is a useful estimate of the activity of antioxidants in a medium such as serum or plasma. Measurements of the TAS and the total oxidant status (TOS) can provide information on an individual’s overall serum antioxidative status, which may include oxidants and antioxidants not yet recognized or easily measured (5, 6). Life with oxygen is still cost-effective. People want to live healthy, longer lives. Therefore, scientists search for the most feasible methods to mea (...truncated)