Deduction of Organic and Inorganic Pollutant from Sugarcane Processing Plant Effluent by Thermal-oxidation and Electro-oxidation Processes in Batch Experiment

Chemistry Africa https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-020-00167-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Deduction of Organic and Inorganic Pollutant from Sugarcane Processing Plant Effluent by Thermal‑oxidation and Electro‑oxidation Processes in Batch Experiment Omprakash Sahu1 Received: 28 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 © The Tunisian Chemical Society and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Abstract Sugarcane industries have a major contribution to the rural development of country, including pollution level to the environment. Associate with all the waste from the sugarcane industry, wastewater is a key issue to manage. Throughout the sugarcane processing season, large quantities of water consumed and discharge a large amount of wastewater. The investigation has been done to bring wastewater up to recycling limit made by pollution board. The objective of this research work is to reduced the pollutants from sugar industry effluent with thermal oxidation, electrooxidation, and combined with both treatment process. The result shows 68.5% COD and 71.2% color with thermal, 82.5% COD, and 86.5% color with electrocoagulation and 98% COD and 99.2% color reduction with a combined treatment of most appropriate conditions. In settling and filtration study 80% of efficiency was attained with the combined study. The sludge containing a lesser amount of inorganic and treated can be reutilized. Keywords Chemical salt · Electrochemical · Wastewater · Thermal treatment · Sludge 1 Introduction Sugarcane is an essential crop for human life. It was introduced to Egypt around 647 A.D. and, about one century later, to Spain (755 A.D.) [1]. Sugar produced from sugarcane and globally sugar production was estimated 179.3 million in the year of 2018–2019 by FAO [2]. Sugar production is the seasonal business (Dec–June), but lots of water was required for processing, and half of the ratio discharged as effluent. The wastewater from sugar industry has a high degree of oxygen demand suspended and other non-toxic contaminants [3]. The degree of pollutants varies according to production crushing capacity of sugar industries. The effluent comes out from sugar industry have major effects on surrounding air, groundwater, rural agricultural land, and human health’s [4]. Generally conventional (physical, chemical and biological) treatment process were applied to reduced the pollutant level from sugar processing plant * Omprakash Sahu 1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, UIE, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India effluent, which is unable to bring treated water up to the recycling level [5]. The characteristics of wastewater also depend on the nature of industries. Due to that common practice wastewater treatment plants unable to treat the wastewater [6]. Different techniques were introduced to treat the wastewater, but it was failure might be due to performance or economical point of view [7]. Some methods like thermal oxidation, electrochemical oxidation have been modified with their design, material used, and operating conditions and implement in different industry wastewater. Thermolysis is one of the recent and novel technologies, which employed in the pulp and paper [8]; distillery [9]; petrochemical [10] and sugar industry [11] wastewater etc. Thermal treatment is the process of chemical modification of the total organic and inorganic with or without chemical salts at a modest atmospheric condition (temperature and pressure). The interactions among chemical salts and dissolved present in wastewater need the temperature to split chemical bonds [12]. The organic and inorganic in wastewater either get polymerized/ or decomposed into smaller molecules and precipitated like coagulation process [13]. The electrocoagulation process is the development version of chemical coagulation process. The electrocoagulation suggests as a substitute for using 13 Vol.:(0123456789) Chemistry Africa metal salt or polymer and polyelectrolyte addition to split the stable emulsion and suspension in wastewater by employing electricity [14]. The technology capable of eliminates metal, colloidal particles and soluble inorganic pollutants from the effluent by using high charge polymeric metal hydroxide spices [15]. These spices neutralize the electrostatic charge on suspended solid to facilitate agglomeration and resultant separation from the aqueous medium [16]. Electrochemical shows high efficiency in the treatment of textile wastewater [17], Bilge wastewater [18], Agro-industry wastewater [19], etc. Traditional methods have so many drawbacks like more space requirements, a large number of equipment and accessories, a large amount of chemicals for removal of suspended including sludge production, complicated to manage, or operate [20]. As compared to this burden, thermolysis and electrochemical treatment processes have been demonstrated to be very efficient in reducing the pollutants from effluent and are characterized by removal of waste production, low demand of chemicals, and straightforward process. Therefore water management in the sugar industry needs specific attention [21]. The goal of this investigate is to reduced the pollutants from sugarcane processing industry effluent up to a dischargeable limit. The treatment of sugar industry wastewater was carried out by thermolysis, electrocoagulation, and combined with thermal oxidation and electrooxidation processes. The study optimized the most suitable operating conditions like initial pH, mass loading and working temperature to treat the sugar industry effluent. The treated effluent was also characterized by settling, filtration, and thermal analysis. Table 1  Quality of sugar industry wastewater S.No Characteristics Parameters 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Color pH Chemical oxygen demand Phosphate Protein Total solid Suspended solid Dissolved solid Chloride Hardness Dark brown/350 CPU 5.5 3682 5.9 43 1987 540 1447 50 900 All the values except pH and color is in mg/dm3 The effluent was collected from Bhoramdeo Sugar Factory (BSF) Kawardha Chhattisgarh and characteristics are tabulated in Table 1. Standard laboratory-grade chemical was purchased from Merk Chemicals, Bombay, and used without any purification. of 55 to 95 °C temperature. A small amount of treated wastewater was withdrawn in fixed time and analysis for chemical oxygen demand and color reduction. The characteristic of catalyst used in the experiment is mention in Table 2. An electrochemical reactor made up of transparent fiberglass having heat resistance up to 100 °C. A magnetic stirrer was employed with the digital plate. Four electrodes in terms of two pairs (anodes and cathodes) were inserted into the electrochemical reactor and connected with DC power supplies in parallel mode [22]. An electrochemical process for pollutant removal operation is presented in Fig. 1. The current applied and voltage variation was measured with help of ammeter and voltmeter. The treated wastewater was collect (...truncated)