Effectiveness of Trichogramma pretiosum in controlling lepidopterous pests of soybean crops

Agrociencia Uruguay, Jan 2020

Controlling lepidopteran pests in soybean in Uruguay usually involves the application of chemical insecticides with risks to health and the environment. As part of an inundative biological control program using Trichogramma pretiosum, a plot trial at three sites located in the department of Soriano (Uruguay), in the 2019-2020 growing season, compared this conventional practice with different doses of the egg parasitoid, number of release capsules per hectare, different number of releases in the culture cycle and ground and aerial releases (with or without release capsules). Using the cloth method, the number of larvae per linear meter and the defoliation percentage were evaluated over 6 weekly samplings. Although the best results were obtained with the application of chemical insecticides, two releases of T. pretiosum by terrestrial methods, 20 days apart, or 4 weekly applications by means of a drone, reached the best results below the thresholds of sanitary intervention, both options with 200,000 parasitoids per hectare. This biological tool can differentiate and value Uruguayan agricultural production.Keywords : egg parasitoid; inundative biological control; Anticarsia gemmatalis; Rachiplusia nu; cloth method.

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Effectiveness of Trichogramma pretiosum in controlling lepidopterous pests of soybean crops

Agrociencia Uruguay 2020 | Volume 24 | Number NE2 | Article 419 DOI: 10.31285/AGRO.24.419 ISSN 2301-1548 Effectiveness of Trichogramma X Encuentro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Biotecnología Agropecuaria XII Simposio REDBIO pretiosum in controlling lepidopterous pests of soybean crops Argentina Editor William Roca Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Lima Perú. Eficacia de Trichogramma pretiosum en el control de lepidópteros plaga del cultivo de soja Correspondence César Basso, Received 29 Jun 2020 Accepted 28 Sep 2020 Published 17 Dec 2020 Citation Basso C, Chiaravalle W, Maignet P. Effectiveness of Trichogramma pretiosum in controlling lepidopterous pests of soybean crops. Agrociencia Uruguay [Internet]. 2020 [cited dd mmm yyyy];24(NE2):419. Available from: http://agrocienciauruguay. uy/ojs/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/419 Eficácia de Trichogramma pretiosum no controle de lepidópteros praga do cultivo da soja Basso, C. 1; Chiaravalle, W. 2; Maignet, P. 3 1Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía, Unidad de Entomología, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2Entoagari, Montevideo, Uruguay. 3Bioline Agrosciences France, Valbonne, France. Effectiveness of Trichogramma pretiosum in soybean Abstract Controlling lepidopteran pests in soybean in Uruguay usually involves the application of chemical insecticides with risks to health and the environment. As part of an inundative biological control program using Trichogramma pretiosum, a plot trial at three sites located in the department of Soriano (Uruguay), in the 2019-2020 growing season, compared this conventional practice with different doses of the egg parasitoid, number of release capsules per hectare, different number of releases in the culture cycle and ground and aerial releases (with or without release capsules). Using the cloth method, the number of larvae per linear meter and the defoliation percentage were evaluated over 6 weekly samplings. Although the best results were obtained with the application of chemical insecticides, two releases of T. pretiosum by terrestrial methods, 20 days apart, or 4 weekly applications by means of a drone, reached the best results below the thresholds of sanitary intervention, both options with 200,000 parasitoids per hectare. This biological tool can differentiate and value Uruguayan agricultural production. Keywords: egg parasitoid, inundative biological control, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Rachiplusia nu, cloth method Resumen Habitualmente el control de lepidópteros plaga en el cultivo de soja en Uruguay se realiza por medio de la aplicación de insecticidas químicos con riesgos para la salud y el ambiente. Como parte de un programa de control biológico inundativo por medio de Trichogramma pretiosum, un ensayo parcelario en tres sitios ubicados en el departamento de Soriano (Uruguay), en la estación de cultivo 2019-2020, comparó esa práctica convencional con diferentes dosis del parasitoide de huevos, número de cápsulas de liberación por hectárea, diferente número de liberaciones en el ciclo del cultivo y liberaciones terrestres o aéreas (con o sin cápsulas de liberación). Por el método del paño se evaluó el número de larvas por metro lineal y el porcentaje de defoliación a lo largo de 6 muestreos semanales. Si bien los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con la aplicación de insecticidas químicos, dos liberaciones de T. pretiosum por métodos terrestres separadas 20 días entre sí o 4 aplicaciones semanales por medio de un dron, ambas opciones con 200.000 parasitoides por hectárea, alcanzaron los mejores resultados por debajo de los umbrales de intervención sanitaria. Esta herramienta biológica puede diferenciar y valorizar la producción agrícola uruguaya. Palabras clave: parasitoide de huevos, control biológico inundativo, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Rachiplusia nu, método del paño Resumo O controle de lepidópteros praga no cultivo de soja no Uruguai é principalmente realizado através da aplicação de inseticidas químicos com riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Como parte de um programa de controle biológico inundativo por meio de Trichogramma pretiosum, um ensaio parcelado em três locais, localizados no departamento de Soriano (Uruguai), na safra de 2019-2020, comparou essa prática convencional com diferentes doses do parasitoide de ovos, número de cápsulas de liberação por hectare, diferente número de liberações na safra e liberações terrestres ou aéreas (com ou sem cápsulas de liberação). Utilizando o método do panode-batida, se avaliou o número de larvas por metro linear e a porcentagem de desfolhamento em 6 amostragens semanais. Embora os melhores resultados tenham sido obtidos com a aplicação de inseticidas químicos, duas liberações de T. pretiosum por métodos terrestres separadas 20 dias um do outro ou 4 aplicações semanais por meio de um drone, ambas as opções com 200.000 parasitoides por hectare, obtiveram os melhores 2 AGROCIENCIA URUGUAY 2020;24(NE2) Basso C, Chiaravalle W, Maignet P resultados abaixo dos limites para intervenção fitossanitária. Essa ferramenta biológica pode diferenciar e valorizar a produção agrícola uruguaia. Palavras-chave: parasitoide de ovos, controle biológico inundativo, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Rachiplusia nu, pano-de-batida 1. Introduction Trichogramma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are known as primary egg parasitoids of a wide range of hosts, especially Lepidoptera. Most of the other known hosts belong to endopterygote orders (Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera). In general, most Trichogramma vary in length from 0.4 to 0.6 mm; females tend to be slightly larger than males(1). Studies on Trichogramma began in the early twentieth century, when Flanders(2) discovered the possibility of rearing it in a fictional host, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)(3). Their success is favored by their very short generation times, simple mass rearing systems, persistent economic efficiency and technologies adapted for commercial use(4)(5)(6). For years, the use of Trichogramma has been an essential part of pest management strategies in protecting crops against economically important agricultural and forest pests. Currently, they are the most widely produced and released natural enemies throughout the world(5)(7)(8). A key attribute of Trichogramma, as other egg parasitoids, is the fact that they not only attack the host eggs, but also kill the host in the egg stage and consequently kill the pest before it can damage the crop(4). Trichogramma wasps are applied using inundative biological control methods, which consist of releasing hundreds of thousands of native or exotic biological control agents per hectare to obtain direct pest control; however, agents are not expected to persist from one cropping cycle to the next(9)(10). Releases of Trichogramma are performed manually or mechanically. Manual releasing requires considerable labor, therefore, for extensive areas where labor is expensive, groun (...truncated)


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C. Basso, W. Chiaravalle, P. Maignet. Effectiveness of Trichogramma pretiosum in controlling lepidopterous pests of soybean crops, Agrociencia Uruguay, 2020, Volume 24, Issue spe2, DOI: 10.31285/agro.24.419