Peculiarities of labor of medical and pharmaceutical workers: a comparative analysis of legislations of Kazakhstan and some OECD countries

ТРУДОВЕ ПРАВО Galiakbarova G. G. © Galiakbarova G. G., 2021 Galiakbarova Guzal Gazinurovna, PhD in Law, Associate Professor of the Civil, Labor and Environmental Department, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan e-mail: ORCID 0000-0001-9375-1134 doi: 10.21564/2414-990X.154.238129 УДК 349.22:[614.253+615.15] Peculiarities of labor of medical and pharmaceutical workers: a comparative analysis of legislations of Kazakhstan and some OECD countries This article discusses some issues of labor regulation of medical and pharmaceutical workers, the peculiarities of health systems in some countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, a comparative analysis of their experience and Kazakhstan is carried out. The specificity of the legal status of medical and pharmaceutical workers is also considered, which is explained by the fact that its regulation is based not only on general norms of labor law, but also on special regulations affecting various features of the activities of this category of workers. At the same time, it is noted that the basis of the legislative regulation of the work of medical and pharmaceutical workers is the generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as the norms of national legislation. The article focuses on the fact that among the variety of sources concerning the legal status of various categories of workers, there is no separate comprehensive study devoted to the peculiarities of legal regulation of both medical and pharmaceutical workers, in connection with which the chosen topic of scientific research is updated. Keywords: medical worker; pharmaceutical worker; health care system; labor force; OECD countries; international legal norms; national legislation. Галіакбарова Г. Г., кандидатка юридичних наук, в.о. доцента кафедри цивільного, трудового та екологічного права, Євразійський національний університет імені Л. Н. Гумільова, Казахстан, м. Нур-Султан. e-mail: ; ORCID 0000-0001-9375-1134 154 © Galiakbarova G. G., 2021 Galiakbarova G. G. Peculiarities of labor of medical and pharmaceutical workers: a comparative analysis ... Особливості праці медичних і фармацевтичних працівників: порівняльний аналіз законодавства Казахстану і деяких країн Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку Розглянуто деякі питання регулювання праці медичних та фармацевтичних працівників, особливості системної охорони здоров’я у низці країн Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку (далі – ОЕСР), здійснено порівняльний аналіз їх досвіду із досвідом Казахстану. Окреслено специфіку правового становища медичних та фармацевтичних працівників, яка пояснюється тим, що його регулювання ґрунтується не лише на загальних нормах трудового права, а також на спеціальних нормативних актах, які стосуються різних особливостей діяльності вказаних категорій працівників. Зазначено, що основою законодавчої регламентації праці медичних та фармацевтичних працівників є загальновизнані принципи і норми міжнародного права, а також норми національного законодавства. Наголошено, що серед різноманіття джерел, які стосуються правового становища різних категорій працівників, бракує окремого комплексного дослідження, присвяченого особливостям правового регулювання як медичних, так і фармацевтичних працівників, цим і визначено актуальність обраної теми публікації. Ключові слова: медичний працівник; фармацевтичний працівник; система охорони здоров’я; трудові ресурси; країни ОЕСР; міжнародно-правові норми; національне законодавство. This study was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant № AP08857075) Problem statement. Undoubtedly, for every person, health is an inalienable blessing, in the absence of which the significance of many other values is lost. At the same time, it must be understood that for the state, the protection of the health of its citizens is important, and it should not be attributed only to the personal benefits of a person, since it has an important social character. The constitutions of many countries define the value of human life and health, the right of everyone to health care and medical care. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan is no exception, according to which citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan have the right to health protection, to receive a guaranteed volume of medical care free of charge established by law (Article 29) [1]. In this regard, it is obvious that the level of public health is influenced by various factors, including, and especially, medical and pharmaceutical activities, their development and reform, equipping with the latest technological equipment, organization of work of workers, training of specialists, etc. all the more so in the new realities, in which the whole world has been for a year already. But even the latest technological equipment will not be able to solve the tasks set for protecting the health of citizens, providing medical and pharmaceutical assistance to the population at a high quality level without highly qualified specialists in the field of protecting the health of citizens. Thus, the most important role in the provision of medical and pharmaceutical assistance to citizens around the world, in general, and in Kazakhstan, in particular, belongs to medical and pharmaceutical workers. Undoubtedly, this circumstance imposes a high professional responsibility on this category of workers, and thus increased requirements are imposed on their qualifications, skills and abilities to perform the work of a doctor and other specialists, chemist, pharmacist, etc. The degree of risk to which their life and health are exposed, the complexity of work are ISSN 2414-990X. Problems of legality. 2021. Issue 154 155 ТРУДОВЕ ПРАВО determined in many regulatory legal acts aimed, among other things, at providing them with favorable working conditions. So, in connection with the adoption in July last year in conditions associated with the emergence and spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic, the new Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Public Health And Healthcare System” (hereinafter – the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on health) [2] and further reforming national legislation, studying the features of labor regulation of medical and pharmaceutical workers at the present stage not only acquires special relevance, but also requires the study of advanced foreign experience, including the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (hereinafter – OECD). Recent research and publications analysis. In general, in the science of labor law, research has been carried out on labor regulation issues, mainly of medical workers. At the same time, there is no separate comprehensive study devoted to the peculiarities of legal regulation of both medical and pharmaceutical workers, in connection with which this study is updated and is o (...truncated)