Single parent role in child psychological development

An Nisa’ Vol. 13, No. 1, Juni 2020, pp. 723-729 p-ISSN: 1979-2751, e-ISSN: 2685-5712 723 Single parent role in child psychological development Nurul Istiani 1,*, Athoillah Islamy 2, Nur Laili Handayani 3 Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pekalongan, Indonesia 1 *; 2 ; 3 * Korespondensi Penulis A RT ICLE IN FO Article History Recieved : 1 Mei 2020 Revision : 10 Mei 2020 Accepted : 10 Juni 2020 Key Word Covid-19 Child Pandemic Parents ABSTRACT This study aims to examine how single parent parenting is applied in fostering children's psychological development. This research is a qualitative research in the form of observation and interview studies. Research subjects (respondents) in this study are single parents due to divorce and death in Krapyak Village, Pekalongan City, Central Java. Meanwhile, the theory used as an analysis knife is the theory of parenting and the theory of psychology of child development. This study concludes that there are three parenting styles performed by single parents in Krapyak Village, Pekalongan City. First, democratic parenting. This parenting pattern has an impact on the child's behavior according to their psychomotor development. Second, authoritarian parenting. This parenting has implications for irritability, cowardice, irritability and emotionality. Third, permissive parenting. This parenting produces behavior in accordance with their own desires and causes the child to be aggressive, rebellious, and lack self-confidence. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana pengasuhan orang tua tunggal diterapkan dalam membina perkembangan psikologis anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif berupa observasi dan studi wawancara. Mata pelajaran penelitian (responden) dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua tunggal akibat perceraian dan kematian di Kelurahan Krapyak, Kota Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Sementara itu, teori yang digunakan sebagai pisau analisis adalah teori pengasuhan dan teori psikologi perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada tiga gaya pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua tunggal di Kelurahan Krapyak, Kota Pekalongan. Pertama, pengasuhan demokrasi. Pola pengasuhan ini berdampak pada perilaku anak sesuai dengan perkembangan psikomotor mereka. Kedua, pengasuhan otoriter. Pengasuhan ini memiliki implikasi untuk lekas marah, pengecut, lekas marah dan emosionalitas. Ketiga, pengasuhan permisif. Pengasuhan ini menghasilkan perilaku sesuai dengan keinginan mereka sendiri dan menyebabkan anak menjadi agresif, memberontak, dan kurang percaya diri. This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license. 1. Introduction The existence of the family has a role as the first media of socialization for children. This role then makes parents have responsibility for the physical and mental development of a child. In family life, a child begins to be introduced to teachings that are in accordance with the rules applicable in religion and society. All children's activities, from behavior and language, cannot be separated from the attention and guidance of their parents (Ana Siti Anisah, 2011: 71). The increasing growth of single parent families is currently a phenomenon that occurs frequently in Indonesia. This is due to cases of divorce or death of one parent. Divorce can change the loss of the family structure in supervising and educating children, because it can lead to depression, anxiety and stress, thereby reducing the ability to be good parents (Helni Anggraini, Ami Amir, Yantri Maputra, 2019: 116) It is undeniable that the above case phenomenon can have an impact on the psychological development of children, because some people still think that single parent families are not able to https://jurnal.iain-bone.ac.id 724 An Nisa’ Vol. 13, No. 1, Juni 2020, pp. 723-729 p-ISSN: 1979-2751, e-ISSN: 2685-5712 create a harmonious family atmosphere. It is feared that children who are cared for by single parents will have a negative impact on the development of their education. Single parent parents usually cannot divide their time between work to meet family needs and duties as caregivers in the family (Jalaludin, 2010: 69) Even though it is important that we realize that in shaping the character of a child to become a good individual, it needs guidance, both in the intellectual, emotional and even spiritual aspects. (Nurul Istiani, Athoillah Islamy, 2018 :235). This requires the role of a single parent to pay more attention to the condition of the children being cared for more intensely. The description above shows that the existence of a single parent in caring for and educating children is not an easy thing, but requires proper parenting so that it can become a central role for the formation of a child's personality and psychology. Based on these conclusions, this study will examine the phenomenon of parenting by single parents in Krapyak Village, Pekalongan City, Central Java. Based on the author's search, there are several previous studies that are relevant to the discussion of this research, among others, are as follows. Meryland Suryat and Emmy Solina in their research related to the single parent role of a mother at the Bukit Senyum brothel concluded that the mother's effort in carrying out her role as a mother despite experiencing a lack of time to spend with her child is still responsible for her role. They still try to provide the best for their children and try to educate and instill values and good things in their children. (Meryland Suryat dan Emmy Solina, 2019: 1). In his research on the impact of single parent parenting on adolescent development, Titin Suptihatin concluded that research on that single parent parenting using permissive parenting has an impact on the inability to control emotions and behavior. Subjects find it difficult to postpone wishes, like to break school rules, disturb friends, not pay attention to lessons, often make noise in class. easily give up when faced with difficulties, less willing to try and less fighting power. (Titin Suprihatin, 2018: 145) Eliza Riani Fitri, Rustiyarso, Izhar Salim concluded that the implementation of parenting by single parents (mothers) can be proven from communication and disciplinary patterns. (Eliza Riani Fitri, Rustiyarso, Izhar Salim: 8). Nenny Yuyu Dana Sirait & Irna Minauli in their research related to hardiness in single mothers stated that the hardiness aspects that exist in both respondents are almost the same. Both respondents have an attitude of control, commitment, and challenge in themselves. Their reasons are to face the reality of life as a single parent (mother), they immediately plan problem solvingwhose goal is to maintain the survival of the family by arranging the future of the children by sending the children to success. (Nenny Yuyu Dana Sirait& Irna Minauli, 2015: 35). From various previous studies as above, studies have not been found that focus on cases of single parent parenting and its effect on the psychological developme (...truncated)