THE ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIM IN MATA NAJWA’S TALKSHOW ‘GENGSI MEREBUT KURSI’

BIORM ATIKA Jurnal Ilmiah FKIP Universitas Subang Vol. 4 No 01 Februari 2018 ISSN (p) 2461-3961 (e) 2580-6335 THE ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIM IN MATA NAJWA’S TALKSHOW ‘GENGSI MEREBUT KURSI’ DEVIAN TRY GUSTARY1 , MEIRINA DIKRAMDHANIE2 STBA Technocrat Tanggerang1 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia2 ABS TRACT The study is aimed at analysing the flouting of Grice’s Cooperative Principles and finding out the implicature of the flouting maxims. Descriptive qualitative method was employed. The data were analyzed by identifying the utterances based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle proposed by Grice (1975), classifying the flouting of maxims and finding the maxim that was mostly flouted in the video of Mata Najwa talk show. The findings show that the guest speaker of the show flouted all the maxims. The guest speaker flouted maxims through six manners that are giving more and lack information, saying something that lack of evidence, giving irrelevance responses, saying something ambiguous/unclear and giving unnecessary prolixity (verbosity). The study reveals that there are 1 occurrence of flouting the maxim of quality, 9 occurrences of flouting the maxim of quantity, 13 occurrences of flouting the maxim of manner, and 6 occurrences of flouting the maxim of quality. Maxim of manner is the most often flouted as it is indicated by obscure and unclear responses. Keywords: Cooperative principle, flouting maxims, implicatures, Mata Najwa talkshow A. INTRODUCTION Conversation is the common form of communication in our day-to-day life. Conversation is defined as the familiar kind of talk in which two or more people freely alternate in speaking. From the definition, it is assumed that, at least two participants, the speaker and the hearer, carry out the conversation and the interchange the roles (Levinson,1983, p. 284). In order to communicate successfully, they are supposed to adhere to a certain mode of conversational rules develop by Grice (1975). Grice (1975, as cited in Levinson, 1983, p. 101 – 102; Thomas, 1995, p. 51; Grundy, 2008, p. 95 97) introduces the Cooperative Principle (CP). It consists of the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. In the certain circumstance, the speaker sometimes fails to fulfil the maxims due to his/her purpose(s) of interaction intentionally or unintentionally (Pham, 2010). When the speaker disobey the maxims, his/her utterances may BIORM ATIKA Jurnal Ilmiah FKIP Universitas Subang Vol. 4 No 01 Februari 2018 ISSN (p) 2461-3961 (e) 2580-6335 contain meaning(s) more than what he/she said. The meaning that is conveyed but not explicitly stated is called implicature (Yule, 1996, p. 35; Thomas, 1995, p. 66; Celce-Murcia & Olshtain, 2007, p. 23; Grundy, 2008, p.92). This implicature can be found in many conversational contexts. However, many previous studies have been mostly conducted to analyze the flouting maxims of Grice’ Cooperative Principle in debate and movie scripts (Rahayu, 2012, p. 34). Since the analysis of the flouting maxims of Grice’ Cooperative Principle in other conversational contexts has been paid little attention, this study attempts to investigate it in the talk show program. Thus, this study specifically analyzes the types of maxims flouted by the guest speaker, a legislative candidate from a political party, when she was interviewed in a top-rating television talk show, Mata Najwa. In addition, the implicatures of her utterances will also be analyzed. B. METHODS This study used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the types of maxims flouted by the guest speaker, as a legislative candidate from a political party, when she was interviewed in a top-rating television talk show, Mata Najwa, and to find out the implicatures of her utterances. The data were downloaded from the YouTube video of “Gengsi Merebut Kursi” on Monday, June 9 th , 2014. The total length of the videos was 21 minutes 17 seconds in which the data covered political issue regarding Indonesian legislative election in DPR. The script of video was taken from www.tempo.com. The data were then analyzed by identifying the utterances based on the conversational maxims suggested by Grice (1975), classifying the flouting of maxims, and finding the maxim that was mostly flouted in the video. C. LITERATURE REVIEW a. Implicature It had been recognized that participants cooperate with each other when they are involved in a conversation. In this situation, the listener has to assume that the speaker is being cooperative, and give deep insight into what the speaker’s hidden intention and implication under the words uttered verbally. The additional conveyed meanings more than what words the speaker literally says are called implicature (Grice, 1975, as cited in Brown & Yule, 1983, p. 31). Similarly, Sihai (2008, p. 10) defines implicature as a special case of situations in which the perceived meaning extends beyond the literal meaning. According to Grice (1975, as cited in Thomas, 1995, p. 58), implicature is divided into two types which are conventional and conversational implicatures. Conventional implicature is generated by meanings of words used (and so is a BIORM ATIKA Jurnal Ilmiah FKIP Universitas Subang Vol. 4 No 01 Februari 2018 ISSN (p) 2461-3961 (e) 2580-6335 semantic, not a pragmatic, phenomenon). On the other hand, conversational implicature is generated by general rules of conversation in which the speaker’s presumed adherence to The Cooperative Principle (CP), as applied to a particular context of utterance. However, the explanation of conventional implicature is not discussed in the present study. b. The Cooperative Principle (CP) In order to make the communication runs successfully, the participants are expected to follow the Cooperative Principle (CP) developed by Grice (1975, as cited in Levinson, 1983, p. 101). The Cooperative Principle (CP) leads them to make a conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which they are engaged (Grice, 1975, as cited in Yule, 1996, p. 37). In particular, Grice (1975) characterized The Cooperative Principle (CP) into four maxims (Levinson, 1983, p. 101 – 102; Thomas, 1995, p. 51; Grundy, 2008, p. 95 – 97). They are as follow: 1. The Maxim of Quality “Make your contribution one that is true. a. Do not say what you believe to be false. b. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.” 2. The Maxim of Quantity a. “Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purpose of the exchange). b. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.” 3. The Maxim of Relevance “Be relevant.” 4. The Maxim of Manner “Be perspicuous. a. Avoid obscurity of expression. b. Avoid ambiguity. c. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity) d. Be orderly.” The maxims above specify what the participants have to do in order to converse in a cooperative (...truncated)