Flouting Maxim in Spider-Man: No Way Home Movie

Volume 3 Number 2, July 2023 e-ISSN 2798-6543 p-ISSN 2798-5164 Pages: 145-155 FLOUTING MAXIM IN SPIDER-MAN: NO WAY HOME MOVIE Putri Mayang Sari1, Anita2 1,2 English Department, Faculty Letters and Cultures, Gunadarma Univeristy, Jl. Margonda Raya No. 100, Depok, 16424, Jawa Barat Corresponding Author(S): Abstract: The aims of this research are to find out the types of Flouting Maxim and Flouting Maxim that most frequently occurred in the Spider-Man: No Way Home movie. This research used Cooperative Principles theory that proposed by Grice (1975). The researcher used descriptive qualitative method and documentation techniques in collecting data. The data of this research were taken from the utterances by all the characters in the Spider-Man: No Way Home movie. Based on the result, the researcher found 32 data contained Flouting Maxim based on Grice’s theory. The researcher found 4 types of Flouting Maxim, there are; 7 data of Flouting Maxim of Quantity, 8 data of Flouting Maxim of Quality, 10 data of Flouting Maxim of Relation, and 7 data of Flouting Maxim of Manner. Based on the result, it can be concluded that Flouting Maxim of Relation is the Flouting Maxim that most frequently occurred in the Spider-Man: No Way Home movie. Keywords: Cooperative Principles; Flouting Maxim; Movie Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License INTRODUCTION Language is a tool for humans who are essentially social creatures, where they interact with each other. As social beings, people must interact with others in order to fulfill their needs. The process of exchanging information between two or more participants is known as communication. Communication is a way for humans to interact both verbally also non-verbally. In creating good communication, two important aspects are needed, namely speaker and listener. According to (Theodorson & Theodorson, 1969) communication is a process of transformation of information ideas, attitudes or emotions from one person or group to another or others premierly through symbols. By communicating, humans can exchange thoughts and ideas to achieve the same goal. To prevent misunderstandings in communication, speaker and listener must be clear in conveying message or information so that they can be understood. Pragmatic is a discipline of linguistics that studies about language usage. In addition, pragmatics is the study of meaning and language that depends on the context spoken by a speaker. According to Levinson (1983, p. 21) Pragmatics is the study of the relations between language and context that are basic to an account of language understanding. Cruse (2006) explained that pragmatics deals with non-truth conditional aspects where 145 146 Putri Mayang Sari, Anita context must be taken into account. Both explanations infer that pragmatics is focused on the meaning of context that is applied in communication. If the context is known, the meaning of the conversation can be understood. Pragmatic is very useful in everyday conversation to understand and analyze the implied meaning or hidden meaning conveyed by speakers so that listeners can understand the speaker's intended meaning. Implicature is a part of pragmatics where speakers want to convey meaning implicitly. Mey (2001) stated to imply means ‘to fold something into something else’ hence, that which is implied is ‘folded in’, and has to be ‘unfolded’ in order to be understood. It can be concluded that implicature is the intention meaning contained in an utterance, but it is less or not stated directly. Grice distinguished implicature into two, conventional implicature and conversational implicature. Grice (1975) stated that the conventional meaning of the word used will determine what is implicated, besides helping to determine what is said while conversational implicatures as being essentially connected with certain general features of discourse. The general feature is called Cooperative Principle that was proposed by Paul Grice (1975). The problem between the speaker and listener can be solved by pragmatics. The Cooperative Principle is one of the discussions in pragmatics proposed by Grice in 1975. According to Grice (1975) cooperative principle makes the conversational contribute as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. In the Cooperative Principle, Grice introduced maxims and divides them into four categories in order to ensure that communication is understood and perceived, the speaker should provide the appropriate, true, relevant, succinct, and organized information. The first maxim is Maxim of Quantity. According to Grice (1975) argue that the speaker must contribute as informative as is required and not giving more or less than is required. This mean the Maxim of Quantity is expected the speakers to give neither too little information or too much in a conversation. Too little or too much informativeness can be confusing or even misleading for listeners. The second maxim is Maxim of Quality. According to Grice (1975) to be specific, the speakers are expected to not say what they believe is false and lack adequate of evidence. The Maxim of Quality is required the speakers to give the information based on what their believe is true or based on fact. The third is Maxim of Relation. According to Grice (1975, p. 47) said that the partner’s contribution is expected to be appropriate to immediate needs at each stage of the transaction. The Maxim of Relation is required the speakers to be relevant. The last maxim is Maxim of Manner. According to Grice (1975, p. 46) explained that the speakers should avoid obscurity and ambiguity also be brief and orderly. The Maxim of Manner is expected the speakers to give the information clearly. However, it is difficult for the participants to follow the maxims in their statements. Sometimes the speaker intends to convey a hidden meaning, so that the listener is expected to understand the message conveyed. Speakers deliberately disobey maxim to encourage listener to look for different meanings or in addition to the meaning conveyed, this called Flouting Maxim. According to Grice in (Thomas, 1995) stated that A flout occurs when a speaker blatantly fails to observe a maxim at the level of what is said, with the deliberate intention of generating an implicature. This mean that, speakers JEdu: Journal of English Education Pages 145-155, Volume 3, Number 2, July 2023 Flouting Maxim in Spider-Man: No Way Home Movie 147 deliberately disobey maxim to encourage listener to look for different meanings or in addition to the meaning conveyed. According to Thomas (1995) To imply is to hint, suggest or convey some meaning indirectly by means of language. From the definition explained, the meaning contained in an utterance is less or not stated directly. Cutting (2002) stated that flouting maxim is when the speakers appear not to follow the maxims but expect hear (...truncated)