Parenting Patterns and Child Behavior: A Comparative Study of Single and Full Parents

E-ISSN 2775-4243 P-ISSN 2798-5083 Article Parenting Patterns and Child Behavior: A Comparative Study of Single and Full Parents Ihda Maulida1*Abdurrahman2 1North 2 Sumatra Islamic University; North Sumatra Islamic University; * Corresponding author: Ihda Maulida: ; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4292-367411 ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-09652 Article History Received: 2024-07-03 Revised: 2024-07-23 Accepted: 2024-07-27 Published: 2024-08-01 Keywords authoritarian parenting, child behavior, democratic parenting, full parents, permissive parenting, single parents Citation: Maulida, I., & Abdurrahman, A. (2024). Parenting Patterns and Child Behavior: A Comparative Study of Single and Full Parents. Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies, 4(1), 13– 146. https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v4i1.676. Academic Editor: Wahyu Hanafi Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Published as an open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (BY NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This study aims to compare the parenting patterns of single and full parents and their impact on child behavior in Sementara, Pantai Cermin Sub-district, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Indonesia. Parenting plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality and future. Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, the home environment, especially parental parenting, has the greatest influence on child development. This study focuses on three parenting styles: authoritarian, democratic, and permissive. Authoritarian parenting is characterized by strict rules and limited freedom, while democratic parenting prioritizes the child's interests and involves discussions between parents and children. Permissive parenting provides loose supervision and unrestricted freedom for children to behave and act as they wish. Previous studies have shown that single mothers tend to apply authoritarian parenting, resulting in spoiled children with difficulty interacting, while single fathers tend to apply permissive parenting, leading to more independent children who are easier to make friends. Additionally, authoritarian, democratic, and permissive parenting styles have been associated with aggressive behavior in children, obtained through social learning. Democratic parenting has been found to increase children's motivation and achievement at school, while authoritarian parenting inhibits children's socialization skills. This study provides important insights into the impact of parenting patterns on child behavior in the context of single and full parents in Sementara, Indonesia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v4i1. Public Interest Statement This study focuses on the differences in parenting patterns between full parents and single parents in shaping children's behavior. Parenting determines what children will become in the future. Therefore, this study provides important information related to parenting. In fact, both complete and single parents still provide good parenting for child development so that children grow up on good behavior. Whether complete or single, children have the right to get affection, attention, and love from their parents. Introduction Parents play an important role in every child's behavior and development through the parenting style they provide to each child. Parents are responsible for caring for their children. As in the interpretation of the Indonesian government's religious department explaining the interpretation of Q.S At-Tahrim (66), six command parents to educate their children to obey Allah's commands and save their families and children from hellfire (Rohinah, 2020). Parents are family groups consisting of fathers and mothers and are the result of a legal marriage that can form a family. Parents are responsible for educating, caring for, and guiding their children so that they reach certain stages that prepare them for a social life through parental care (Efrianus, 2020). Parenting is the attitude of parents towards their children in improving survival, development, and physical, social, and mental protection to create children with personality. Ideally, both parents would be responsible for providing parenting to their children. Every decision related to the survival of children, both growth and development, and Perkumpulan Alumni dan oci Mahyajatul Qurro'Dsn. Karangsono, Rt/002, Rw/004, Sumber, Sanan Kulon, Blitar, Provinsi Jawa Timur, 66152, E-mail: 135 physical, psychological, and social factors always involves the role of both parents. Both parents work together to provide parenting to their children, but this is different for children in single-parent care (Nugrahani et al., 2023). A single parent consists of a mother or father alone who is responsible for raising a child after divorce due to death or divorce due to the wishes of each spouse. Thus, duties and responsibilities are transferred to those who are left behind. For some people, separation from a life partner can be a serious problem due to the absence of one partner in the family (Zakky, 2021). Family plays an important role in the development of a child's personality. The care and affection provided by parents, as well as education about life, religion, and sociocultural values instilled by parents, are factors that help produce good individuals and families (Febriani et al., 2022) According to Silalahi and Minamo, parenting is an environmental activity in which various specific behaviors work individually and simultaneously to influence the behavior of a child (Nugrahani et al., 2023). Skinner stated that behavior is a person's reaction or response to external stimuli as a result of the activity of an organism that can be observed directly or otherwise in its environment (Juditha, 2020). According to Hurlock (1978), there are three types of parenting patterns: Authoritarian, Democratic, and Permissive. Authoritarian parenting is characterized by the following relatively strict rules: children are always expected to behave like themselves, and their freedom to act on their own behalf is limited (Rahman et al., 2020). This parenting style can be described as strict parenting that combines high demand control and low acceptance responsiveness (Khasanah & Fauziah, 2021). This form of parenting is characterized by parents who are more assertive, show less sympathy for children, force children to follow rules, and tend to suppress children's wishes (Taib et al., 2020). Democratic parenting prioritizes the interests of children but does not hesitate to control them (Nur, 2019). Democratic parents tend to assess their children's abilities and provide freedom of choice and action to their children (Asriyani et al., 2023). Democratic parenting is characterized by discussions between children and parents, good cooperation between children and parents, and granting freedom of expression to children (Muhadi, 2017). (...truncated)