From AI use to positive functioning: The roles of trust and need satisfaction

May 2026

In this empirical contribution to Group. Interaction. Organization. (GIO), we examined how the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday work processes is associated with employee well-being and engagement focusing on the psychological mechanisms of trust in AI and basic need satisfaction. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and trust-in-technology research, we investigated whether different AI use patterns are associated with workplace well-being and work engagement via trust in AI and the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and technology-related relatedness needs. A cross-sectional survey of N = 379 employees (predominantly young employees with limited work experience) using AI at work assessed AI use patterns, trust, need satisfaction, PERMA well-being, and work engagement. Structural equation modeling showed partial support for the proposed model. Problem-solving AI use was positively associated with trust in AI, and trust in AI was positively associated with autonomy, competence, and relatedness to technology. However, none of these needs was associated with workplace well-being or work engagement. These findings suggest that trust is central for experiencing AI as supportive, but that need satisfaction during AI use may not meaningfully relate to broader employee functioning. Given the cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted as evidence for associations consistent with the proposed model rather than as support for temporal or causal processes. The study highlights the importance of task characteristics in AI implementation and outlines directions for future longitudinal research on domain-specific outcomes and boundary conditions.

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From AI use to positive functioning: The roles of trust and need satisfaction

Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für angewandte Organisationspsychologie https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-026-00886-9 HAUPTBEITRÄGE – OFFENER TEIL From AI use to positive functioning: The roles of trust and need satisfaction Lara Watermann1 · Eva Lermer1,2 · Simone Kubowitsch1 Received: 27 November 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2026 © The Author(s) 2026 Abstract In this empirical contribution to Group. Interaction. Organization. (GIO), we examined how the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday work processes is associated with employee well-being and engagement focusing on the psychological mechanisms of trust in AI and basic need satisfaction. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and trust-in-technology research, we investigated whether different AI use patterns are associated with workplace well-being and work engagement via trust in AI and the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and technology-related relatedness needs. A cross-sectional survey of N = 379 employees (predominantly young employees with limited work experience) using AI at work assessed AI use patterns, trust, need satisfaction, PERMA well-being, and work engagement. Structural equation modeling showed partial support for the proposed model. Problem-solving AI use was positively associated with trust in AI, and trust in AI was positively associated with autonomy, competence, and relatedness to technology. However, none of these needs was associated with workplace well-being or work engagement. These findings suggest that trust is central for experiencing AI as supportive, but that need satisfaction during AI use may not meaningfully relate to broader employee functioning. Given the cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted as evidence for associations consistent with the proposed model rather than as support for temporal or causal processes. The study highlights the importance of task characteristics in AI implementation and outlines directions for future longitudinal research on domain-specific outcomes and boundary conditions. Keywords Artificial intelligence · Trust in AI · Basic psychological needs · Workplace well-being · Work engagement  Eva Lermer 1 Department of Business Psychology, Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany 2 LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany K L. Watermann et al. Von der KI-Nutzung zu positivem Erleben bei der Arbeit: Die Rollen von Vertrauen und Bedürfnisbefriedigung Zusammenfassung Dieser empirische Beitrag für die Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) untersucht, wie der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in Arbeitsprozessen mit dem Wohlbefinden und Engagement von Mitarbeitenden zusammenhängt, wobei insbesondere die Rolle von Vertrauen in KI und der Befriedigung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse betrachtet wird. Aufbauend auf der Selbstbestimmungstheorie sowie der Forschung zu Vertrauen in Automatisierung wird geprüft, ob unterschiedliche Muster der KI-Nutzung in einer Weise mit arbeitsbezogenem Wohlbefinden und Arbeitsengagement zusammenhängen, die mit einem theoretisch spezifizierten sequenziellen Zusammenhang über Vertrauen in KI sowie die Befriedigung von Autonomie-, Kompetenz- und technologiebezogenen Verbundenheitsbedürfnissen vereinbar ist. In einer Querschnittsstudie mit N = 379 Berufstätigen, die KI bei der Arbeit nutzen (vorwiegend junge Berufstätige mit begrenzter Berufserfahrung), wurden KI-Nutzungsmuster, Vertrauen in KI, Bedürfnisbefriedigung, PERMA-Wohlbefinden und Arbeitsengagement erfasst. Die Strukturgleichungsmodellierung ergab teilweise Unterstützung für das vorgeschlagene Modell. Problemorientierte KI-Nutzung war positiv mit Vertrauen in KI assoziiert. Vertrauen in KI wiederum stand in positivem Zusammenhang mit der Befriedigung von Autonomie-, Kompetenz- und technologiebezogenen Verbundenheitsbedürfnissen. Keines dieser Bedürfnisse war jedoch signifikant mit arbeitsbezogenem Wohlbefinden oder Arbeitsengagement assoziiert. Die Befunde sprechen dafür, dass Vertrauen zentral dafür ist, KI als unterstützend zu erleben, während Bedürfnisbefriedigung während der KI-Nutzung möglicherweise nicht ohne Weiteres mit breiteren Indikatoren positiven Erlebens bei der Arbeit zusammenhängt. Aufgrund des Querschnittsdesigns sind die Ergebnisse als Zusammenhänge zu interpretieren, die mit dem vorgeschlagenen theoretischen Modell vereinbar sind, nicht jedoch als Nachweis zeitlicher oder kausaler Prozesse. Die Studie unterstreicht die Bedeutung von Aufgabenmerkmalen bei der KI-Implementierung und zeigt Ansatzpunkte für zukünftige Längsschnittforschung zu domänenspezifischen Outcomes und Kontextbedingungen auf. Schlüsselwörter Künstliche Intelligenz · Vertrauen in KI · Psychologische Grundbedürfnisse · Arbeitsbezogenes Wohlbefinden · Arbeitsengagement 1 Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming the world of work. AI systems support both information processing activities (e.g., data analysis, translation) and problem-solving tasks (e.g., decision-making, creative solutions), enhancing operational efficiency while enabling employees to focus on more complex tasks (Einola and Khoreva 2022). However, AI implementation also poses challenges, such as increased work demands, uncertainties about system reliability, and concerns about job security (Malik et al. 2021). This dual potential underscores the need for understanding how AI integration affects employee psychological well-being (Watermann et al. 2025). Despite growing research attention, the specific psychological mechanisms through which AI use is associated with well-being remain empirically underexplored. While prior research has highlighted the importance of trust in AI (Kong et al. 2023) and basic psychological need satisfaction (Moradbakhti et al. 2024), their joint role in linking AI use to employee outcomes has rarely been examined in an integrated framework. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Ryan and Deci 2018) and research on trust in technology, the present pre-registered study (https://doi.org/ 10.17605/OSF.IO/B7M2A) examines whether AI use pat- K terns are associated with workplace well-being and work engagement in a manner that is consistent with a theoretically specified sequential model involving trust in AI and basic psychological need satisfaction. Specifically, we conceptualize trust in AI as a central psychological mechanism that may be linked to how users experience AI-supported work, which in turn may be associated with the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness during AI use. 2 Theoretical background 2.1 AI use patterns and trust development Trust represents a fundamental prerequisite for effective human-technology collaboration, defined as “the attitude that an agent will help achieve an individual’s goals in a situation characterized by uncertainty and vulnerabi (...truncated)


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Lara Watermann, Eva Lermer, Simone Kubowitsch. From AI use to positive functioning: The roles of trust and need satisfaction, 2026, pp. 1-13, DOI: 10.1007/s11612-026-00886-9