The Forgotten Provision of the Fourteenth Amendment: Section 2 and the Evolution of American Democracy

Louisiana Law Review, Nov 2015

By Earl M. Maltz, Published on 11/01/15

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The Forgotten Provision of the Fourteenth Amendment: Section 2 and the Evolution of American Democracy

Louisiana Law Review Volume 76 | Number 1 The Voting Rights Act at 50: The Past, Present, and Future of the Right to Vote A Symposium of the Louisiana Law Review Fall 2015 The Forgotten Provision of the Fourteenth Amendment: Section 2 and the Evolution of American Democracy Earl M. Maltz Repository Citation Earl M. Maltz, The Forgotten Provision of the Fourteenth Amendment: Section 2 and the Evolution of American Democracy, 76 La. L. Rev. (2015) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol76/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact . 7KH)RUJRWWHQ3URYLVLRQRIWKH)RXUWHHQWK $PHQGPHQW6HFWLRQDQGWKH(YROXWLRQRI$PHULFDQ 'HPRFUDF\ Earl M. 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Earl M. Maltz. The Forgotten Provision of the Fourteenth Amendment: Section 2 and the Evolution of American Democracy, Louisiana Law Review, 2015, pp. 11, Volume 76, Issue 1,